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Browse the complete collection of W.E.B. Du Bois’s articles and editorials from The Crisis magazine (1910-1934). Search and filter over 600 digitized pieces covering civil rights, race relations, politics, and social justice.

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All 600+ articles by W.E.B. Du Bois from The Crisis (1910-1934). Use the search box to find specific topics, people, or events. Click column headers to sort.

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Date Title Description Word Count
1951 (Mar) Editing The Crisis In 1951 W.E.B. Du Bois recounts founding and editing The Crisis, showing how editorial independence and reportage advanced race, democracy, and the NAACP. 2,443 words
1947 (Oct) The Freeing of India W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1947) condemns British imperialism, hails India’s liberation and warns of partition, poverty, education and labor struggles. 3,208 words
1934 (Aug) Dr. Du Bois Resigns W.E.B. Du Bois resigns (1934). In The Crisis he accuses NAACP leadership of failing Black people on race, organization, and economic strategy, urging reform. 1,645 words
1934 (Jun) Counsels of Despair In The Crisis (1934) W.E.B. Du Bois rejects counsels of despair, urging race uplift through education, institutions, and strategic anti-segregation action. 2,698 words
1934 (May) Grand Jury Adjourns: Laurens County Fails to Indict Dendy Lynchers W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1934) exposes how Laurens County’s grand jury shields a white mob in the Norris Dendy lynching, revealing racial injustice and impunity. 1,249 words
1934 (May) Westward Ho W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1934) argues Midwest adult education fosters democracy, reduces race prejudice, yet demands active resistance to segregation. 1,006 words
1934 (May) Segregation In a 1934 Crisis essay W.E.B. Du Bois defends pragmatic battles against segregation, arguing segregated housing can alleviate Black poverty and uplift. 533 words
1934 (May) William Monroe Trotter 1934 The Crisis: W.E.B. Du Bois eulogizes Monroe Trotter, lauds his fight against racial segregation, and warns that organized civil-rights unity can prevail. 1,250 words
1934 (May) Violence W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1934) warns that violence, given U.S. demographics, would provoke white backlash, justify repression, and imperil Black democracy. 550 words
1934 (Apr) Segregation in the North W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1934) argues Northern segregation is growing and urges Black economic self-organization, education and boycotts. 3,361 words
1934 (Mar) Subsistence Homestead Colonies W.E.B. Du Bois argues in The Crisis (1934) that subsistence homestead colonies can empower Black workers, countering racial labor inequality. 539 words
1934 (Mar) Separation and Self-Respect W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1934) argues segregation harms race and democracy, urging Black self-organization, pride, and fight for quality education. 505 words
1934 (Mar) History of Segregation Philosophy In 1934 The Crisis, W.E.B. Du Bois argues segregation grew from economic labor caste, forcing Black self-organization and challenging American democracy. 1,293 words
1934 (Feb) The N.A.A.C.P. and Race Segregation W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1934) explains the NAACP’s pragmatic fight against race segregation—defending civil rights, schools, hospitals, and democracy. 1,980 words
1934 (Jan) Segregation W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1934) argues voluntary Black self-organization counters racial discrimination and advances economic, educational and labor justice. 701 words
1934 (Jan) Scottsboro W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1934) condemns Scottsboro trials as racial injustice — Southern courts using law to punish Black lives for profit and prejudice. 306 words
1933 (Dec) A Matter of Manners W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1933) criticizes how Southern racial insults erode Black manners and urges reclaiming courtesy as dignity and self-respect. 595 words
1933 (Dec) The A.F. of L. In 1933 W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis denounces the A.F. of L. as a racist, pro-capitalist labor elite that betrays mass labor and democracy. 611 words
1933 (Dec) Too Rich to be a Nigger In 1933 W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis documents how white backlash to Black education and prosperity culminated in lynching, exposing racial terror. 1,540 words
1933 (Dec) Peace In a 1933 essay for The Crisis, W.E.B. Du Bois argues war propaganda and racial fear sustain militarism, urging pacifists to attack race prejudice and arms. 433 words
1933 (Oct) Pan-Africa and New Racial Philosophy In 1933 The Crisis, W.E.B. Du Bois urges Pan‑African unity to confront racial labor exploitation and economic injustice, reclaiming Black agency. 1,320 words
1933 (Oct) The Church and Religion In a 1933 Crisis piece, W.E.B. Du Bois critiques organized churches for claiming absolute truth, urging ethical faith and intellectual freedom for Black youth. 1,210 words
1933 (Oct) Youth and Age at Amenia W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1933) reports the Amenia Conference urging youth–age dialogue to make race, labor, education central to democratic economic reform 2,288 words
1933 (Sep) On Being Ashamed of Oneself W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1933) urges organized racial pride and economic action, diagnosing shame, segregation, and labor exclusion. 2,264 words
1933 (Aug) The Negro College W.E.B. Du Bois argues in The Crisis (1933) that Negro colleges must root education in Black experience to defend democracy, labor and race rights. 3,860 words
1933 (Jul) Our Class Struggle W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1933) argues Black class struggle pits labor against white capital and urges racial solidarity for delinquents and dependents. 1,264 words
1933 (Jun) The Strategy of the Negro Voter W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1933) urges Black voters to adopt opportunist tactics—protecting survival while pressing racial, labor and democratic reforms. 2,287 words
1933 (May) Marxism and The Negro Problem W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1933) argues Marxism explains class exploitation but must be adapted to U.S. race and labor realities to protect Black democracy. 2,712 words
1933 (May) Scottsboro In 1933 The Crisis, W.E.B. Du Bois condemns Scottsboro as proof that racial disfranchisement destroys justice and demands Black political voice. 304 words
1933 (Apr) The Right to Work In The Crisis (1933) W.E.B. Du Bois urges Black Americans to build cooperative consumer-producer economies to secure labor, race, and democratic power. 1,310 words
1933 (Mar) Color Caste in the United States In The Crisis (1933) W.E.B. Du Bois exposes the U.S. color caste that denies Black rights in marriage, labor, education and democracy. 2,233 words
1933 (Mar) Karl Marx and the Negro In 1933 W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis argues Karl Marx grasped labor and opposed slavery, and his theory sheds light on the Black struggle for democracy. 1,681 words
1933 (Feb) It is a Girl In a 1933 essay in The Crisis, W.E.B. Du Bois challenges boy-preference as a relic of barbarism, urging equal opportunity, education and labor for girls. 372 words
1933 (Feb) Our Rate of Increase In 1933 W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis analyzes Black population decline in birth rate, urging attention to race, health, education and the quality of future generations. 337 words
1933 (Feb) Dodging the Issue W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1933) attacks calls for nonresistance, blaming Southern mob violence and economic power for racial injustice. 329 words
1933 (Feb) Our Health In 1933 W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis links poverty and racial discrimination to high Black death rates and urges income, public health, and anti-segregation action. 486 words
1933 (Jan) Listen, Japan and China W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1933) urges China and Japan to unite against Western imperialism, claim racial leadership, and defend Asia. 325 words
1933 (Jan) Toward a New Racial Philosophy W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1933) urges a new racial philosophy: a 12-part reexamination of race, education, labor, health, law and democracy. 1,959 words
1932 (Dec) From a Traveller W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1932) defends Liberia as a real chance for Black democracy, exposing foreign capital, graft, forced labor, and colonial racism 731 words
1932 (Nov) If I Had a Million Dollars: A Review of the Phelps Stokes Fund W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1932) faults the Phelps Stokes Fund for favoring surveys and white education over Black scholarships and leadership 1,137 words
1932 (Nov) Herbert Hoover W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1932) indicts Herbert Hoover for ‘Lily-White’ politics, race-based appointments, and policies that crush Black labor and democracy 1,633 words
1932 (Sep) Employment In The Crisis (1932), W.E.B. Du Bois argues segregated schools and narrow college curricula block Black graduates’ employment and hinder race and democracy. 539 words
1932 (Sep) Young Voters W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1932) urges young Black Southerners to register, organize, and vote to combat racial disenfranchisement and local discrimination. 571 words
1932 (Aug) Blaine of Maine In a 1932 piece for The Crisis, W.E.B. Du Bois condemns revisionist Civil War myths, defending truth on slavery, Reconstruction, race and democracy. 913 words
1932 (Apr) Courts and Jails In The Crisis (1932), W.E.B. Du Bois condemns Black churches’ and charities’ neglect of incarcerated Black people and exposes race-based injustice in courts. 528 words
1932 (Apr) A Platform for Radicals In 1932 The Crisis, W.E.B. Du Bois urges radical fiscal transparency—public incomes, property, worker registries—to defend democracy and labor. 149 words
1932 (Apr) Again Howard In 1932 W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis denounces sabotage of Howard’s finances by trustees and white real-estate interests, urging reform in Black education. 354 words
1932 (Mar) To Your Tents, Oh Israel! W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1932) calls for Black economic self-help: use education and labor skills to build a racial economy, redirecting capital. 592 words
1932 (Mar) Dalton, GA W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1932) documents how racial segregation in Dalton, GA denied injured Black patients hospital care, causing deaths and injustice 3,148 words
1932 (Mar) Hawaii W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1932) warns that economic exploitation, racial law bias, and U.S. military power threaten democracy and race relations in Hawaii. 534 words
1932 (Feb) Lynchings W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1932) exposes lynching as racial caste violence that thrives on denied education, economic oppression, and lack of human rights. 413 words
1932 (Feb) The Non-Partisan Conference In 1932 W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis denounces a tepid economic plank, urging Black political power for labor, redistribution and emancipation. 798 words
1932 (Jan) John Brown W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1932) denounces a pro-Confederate monument at Harpers Ferry, exposing racialized memory and denial of Black resistance. 336 words
1931 (Sep) The Negro and Communism W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1931) critiques Communist tactics in Scottsboro, defends NAACP leadership, and urges legal, labor, and democratic reform. 4,112 words
1931 (May) Beside the Still Water In The Crisis (1931) W.E.B. Du Bois condemns theatrical racism, lauds Richard B. Harrison and urges American theatre to honestly portray race. 2,409 words
1931 (Apr) Woofterism W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1931) condemns Woofter’s study for ignoring race, disenfranchisement, lynching and labor barriers, urging political power. 3,523 words
1931 (Apr) Causes of Lynching W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1931) links lynching to ignorance, economic exploitation, political exclusion, religious intolerance, and sexual prejudice. 335 words
1930 (Aug) A New Party In 1930 W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis urges a new labor party to expand public ownership, social welfare, restore Black voting rights and curb imperialism. 321 words
1930 (Aug) Freedom of Speech W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1930) condemns silencing of Communists, arguing free speech is essential to democracy and resists racial oppression. 234 words
1930 (Aug) Economic Disenfranchisement In 1930 W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis argues industrial disfranchisement bars Black labor and urges public ownership to secure racial democracy and fair work. 757 words
1930 (Aug) India W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1930) condemns British imperialism, lauds India’s mass nonviolent struggle and warns its success could reshape global democracy. 228 words
1930 (May) Our Program In The Crisis (1930), W.E.B. Du Bois argues the NAACP fights race-based barriers, and that color discrimination blocks democracy, economic justice, and peace. 525 words
1930 (May) The Capital N W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1930) argues that capitalizing Negro affirms racial self-respect and records a press shift tied to civil-rights advocacy. 238 words
1930 (Mar) The Boycott 1930: W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis urges Black consumers to use boycotts as an economic weapon against racial discrimination and labor exclusion. 712 words
1930 (Mar) Our Economic Peril W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1930) warns that racial exclusion and failing charity deepen Black economic peril, urging co‑ops and labor organizing. 671 words
1930 (Mar) Patient Asses In The Crisis (1930), W.E.B. Du Bois condemns Jan Smuts’ racial caste in South Africa, urging Pan‑African solidarity against disfranchisement. 1,251 words
1930 (Feb) Interracial Love in Texas In a 1930 The Crisis piece, W.E.B. Du Bois counters a Texas editorial, arguing interracial cooperation will drive social equality, race relations, and marriages. 313 words
1930 (Feb) That Capital ‘N’ In a 1930 The Crisis essay, W.E.B. Du Bois condemns a Raleigh paper’s refusal to capitalize Negro, arguing racial language sustains racial disrespect. 118 words
1930 (Feb) Education W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1930) denounces racial inequity in schooling, details funding disparities, and urges federal aid requiring nondiscrimination. 409 words
1930 (Feb) Smuts W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1930) exposes Jan Smuts’ white-supremacist vision, arguing it denies Black education, labor, and democratic rights. 435 words
1930 (Jan) About Wailing W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1930) defends continued ‘wailing’—documenting racial injustice, disfranchisement, poverty, and exclusion despite surface progress. 720 words
1930 (Jan) Gambling In The Crisis (1930), W.E.B. Du Bois condemns Wall Street’s loaded-dice gambling, arguing it destroyed credit, labor and faith in American capitalism. 1,119 words
1930 (Jan) About Marrying In a 1930 The Crisis letter W.E.B. Du Bois urges marriage if both consent, warning interracial unions will face racial prejudice, social exclusion, job loss. 1,278 words
1930 (Jan) Football In 1930 The Crisis, W.E.B. Du Bois condemns a racially motivated benching in college football, blaming white prejudice and Black passivity. 226 words
1929 (Nov) The Negro in Politics W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1929) argues Black political opportunism—esp. Harlem—rises as race shapes democracy, forcing pragmatic voting to protect rights. 373 words
1929 (Sep) Pechstein and Pecksniff W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1929) condemns calls for segregated schools, arguing segregation undermines democracy, education and fosters racial caste. 1,890 words
1929 (May) The Negro Citizen W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1929) argues that Black political power—secure voting rights—is essential to democracy, education, labor and racial justice. 3,883 words
1929 (May) The Chicago Debate In 1929 W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis rebukes racialist arguments, defending cultural equality and arguing social equality is civilized and inevitable. 469 words
1929 (May) Missionaries W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1929) exposes racial discrimination in U.S. missionary societies, blocking Black missionaries to Africa. 822 words
1929 (May) Herbert Hoover and the South W.E.B. Du Bois, The Crisis (1929) argues Hoover’s push for a white-led Southern Republicanism threatens Black suffrage, democracy, and exposes white supremacy. 548 words
1929 (May) Optimism W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1929) urges guarded optimism: race progress visible in legal defense, education, labor, and a budding Black arts movement. 442 words
1929 (Feb) The National Interracial Conference In 1929 W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis calls for coordinated interracial study and annual conferences to address race, education, health, labor, and suffrage. 1,688 words
1929 (Feb) DePriest In a 1929 piece in The Crisis, W.E.B. Du Bois defends Oscar DePriest’s election as a step for Black rights and democracy despite political compromises. 725 words
1929 (Feb) Third Party W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1929) argues Southern disfranchisement rigs democracy, blocking Third Party politics and sustaining racialized plutocracy. 969 words
1929 (Feb) A Pilgrimage To The Negro Schools In 1929 W.E.B. Du Bois profiles Negro schools, lauds student vitality, critiques institutional shortcomings and Jim Crow in The Crisis. 3,862 words
1928 (Dec) Segregation W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1928) chronicles federal workplace segregation’s rollback in Washington and calls for legal fights against racial discrimination. 301 words
1928 (Dec) The Campaign of 1928 W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1928) condemns both parties’ betrayal of Black voters and urges a Third Party for racial justice, labor rights and democracy. 752 words
1928 (Dec) The Election W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1928) condemns the white primary, praises Oscar DePriest, and urges democracy against corrupt political machines. 128 words
1928 (Nov) The Dunbar National Bank W.E.B. Du Bois, in The Crisis (1928), argues the Dunbar National Bank could democratize capital and empower Black leaders to advance racial democracy via credit. 1,104 words
1928 (Nov) A Third Party W.E.B. Du Bois, The Crisis (1928), argues the Solid South makes third-party success impossible, tying race, democracy, and labor to electoral power. 732 words
1928 (Nov) On the Fence W.E.B. Du Bois, in The Crisis (1928), shows Hoover and Smith align on oligarchy and color caste, urging Black voters to back Congress against the color bar. 217 words
1928 (Oct) The Possibility of Democracy in America W.E.B. Du Bois, in The Crisis (1928), argues that American democracy is endangered as Black disfranchisement and white oligarchy reshape voting. 2,330 words
1928 (Sep) Howard W.E.B. Du Bois, in The Crisis (1928), exposes bipartisan graft around Perry Howard, condemns black disenfranchisement and threats to democracy. 234 words
1928 (Sep) Houston W.E.B. Du Bois, writing for The Crisis (1928), shows the Democratic Party weaponizing race to suppress Black voters, exposing Jim-Crow politics and corruption. 279 words
1928 (Sep) The Possibility of Democracy W.E.B. Du Bois, in The Crisis (1928), argues democracy rests on broad citizen participation, condemning racial disfranchisement and illiteracy as threats. 4,236 words
1928 (Sep) Booze W.E.B. Du Bois exposes white hypocrisy in Republican politics, revealing how race and gender shape democracy in The Crisis, 1928, Booze. 183 words
1928 (Sep) Lynching W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1928) exposes lynching as a political crime, showing a Florida photograph that reveals white supremacy and state violence. 170 words
1928 (Aug) The Negro Voter W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1928) argues the disenfranchised Negro vote can shape democracy when educated, mobilized, and strategically organized. 1,385 words
1928 (Jul) Visitors W.E.B. Du Bois analyzes how modern visitors disrupt labor in The Crisis (1928), urging respectful scheduling to balance work and human connection in democracy. 1,040 words
1928 (Jun) Sunny Florida W.E.B. Du Bois argues in The Crisis (1928) that Florida’s so-called boom rests on racial exploitation, police brutality, and corrupted democracy. 532 words
1928 (Jun) Darrow W.E.B. Du Bois, in The Crisis (1928), honors Clarence Darrow’s defense of labor and Black rights, and attacks ministers who favor creed over deeds. 460 words
1928 (Jun) So the Girl Marries W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1928) frames his daughter’s wedding as a symbolic assertion of Black education, tradition, and racial progress. 2,291 words
1928 (Jun) Two Novels The Crisis (1928): W.E.B. Du Bois lauds Nella Larsen’s Quicksand as thoughtful race fiction and denounces Claude McKay’s Home to Harlem for prurience. 662 words
1928 (May) The Negro Politician W.E.B. Du Bois examines how Black voters confront graft and Jim Crow, arguing informed participation is essential to democracy in The Crisis (1928). 534 words
1928 (May) Our Economic Future Du Bois argues in The Crisis (1928) that Black labor power relies on cooperative manufacturing and consumer co-ops, challenging white-dominated markets. 931 words
1928 (May) The Browsing Reader W.E.B. Du Bois, in The Crisis (1928), critiques Ebony and Topaz as a sprawling Collectanea, arguing that focused booklets would better advance race and culture. 136 words
1928 (Apr) The House of the Black Burghardts W.E.B. Du Bois reflects in The Crisis (1928) on the House of the Black Burghardts, memory, and Black family roots in rural New England amid loss and longing. 743 words
1928 (Mar) Augustus G. Dill W.E.B. Du Bois shows in The Crisis (1928) that democracy hinges on Black voters, warning that anti-vote campaigns undermine race, rights, and progress. 249 words
1928 (Mar) Black and White Workers W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1928) shows Black and white workers share a common struggle for democracy and labor rights, yet prejudice and bosses block solidarity. 650 words
1928 (Mar) Robert E. Lee W.E.B. Du Bois argues in The Crisis (1928) that commemorating Robert E. Lee masks his role in upholding slavery, urging moral honesty about race and democracy. 484 words
1928 (Mar) Augustus G. Dill W.E.B. Du Bois discusses Augustus G. Dill’s withdrawal as The Crisis’ business manager, highlighting labor, sacrifice, and leadership challenges in 1928. 179 words
1928 (Mar) The Name Negro W.E.B. Du Bois, in The Crisis (1928), argues that naming cannot erase racism; the real work is affirming Black humanity and democracy, not changing labels. 1,004 words
1928 (Feb) The Flood, the Red Cross and the National Guard W.E.B. Du Bois reveals in The Crisis 1928 how 1927 Mississippi flood relief, guided by Red Cross and National Guard, exploited Black labor and spurred migration. 3,031 words
1928 (Feb) Marcus Garvey and the NAACP W.E.B. Du Bois, in The Crisis (1928), clears up Garvey–NAACP myths, records their clashes, and urges a truthful pursuit of Black democracy. 859 words
1928 (Feb) Social Equality W.E.B. Du Bois, writing in The Crisis (1928), argues for social equality over color-line policy, urging open interracial contact and equal opportunity. 939 words
1928 (Jan) Exclusion W.E.B. Du Bois, in The Crisis (1928), reveals how racial exclusion in higher learning mocks democracy and Christianity, and exposes the harm of exclusion. 219 words
1928 (Jan) The Flood, the Red Cross and the National Guard W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1928) exposes how Red Cross relief and the Mississippi National Guard coerced Black refugees into labor and racial oppression. 4,924 words
1927 (Dec) The Hampton Strike In The Crisis (1927) W.E.B. Du Bois condemns Hampton trustees and alumni silencing Black students, saying race and education demand support for student protest. 603 words
1927 (Dec) Ten Years In 1927 W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis defends the Russian Revolution, denounces Czarist tyranny and Western misinformation, urging recognition of Soviet democracy. 307 words
1927 (Dec) The Durham Conference W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1927) calls for a Durham conference to take stock of labor, education, voting rights and Black community life. 316 words
1927 (Dec) Pullman Porters In 1927 The Crisis, W.E.B. Du Bois defends Pullman porters’ labor fight, exposes company bribery and racial barriers, urging sustained union struggle. 227 words
1927 (Nov) Prejudice W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1927) argues that racial prejudice, rooted in slavery and segregation, produces reciprocal distrust and harm. 667 words
1927 (Nov) Smith In 1927 The Crisis, W.E.B. Du Bois argues Governor Smith’s nomination would expose Southern racism and could shatter the Solid South, advancing democracy. 155 words
1927 (Nov) Peonage In 1927 The Crisis, W.E.B. Du Bois condemns a Hoover-appointed probe for likely whitewashing peonage in the Mississippi Valley and demands enforcement of rights 209 words
1927 (Nov) Social Equals In 1927 The Crisis, W.E.B. Du Bois critiques racial etiquette: a Black doctor’s refused fee reveals persistent Southern prejudice and barriers to social equality. 393 words
1927 (Oct) The Pan-African Congresses: The Story of a Growing Movement In 1927 W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis reports the Fourth Pan-African Congress, urging African self-rule, education, land rights, labor and racial democracy. 2,049 words
1927 (Oct) Mencken W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1927) rebuts Mencken, arguing racial bias and white readership limit Black artists’ themes while the Renaissance endures. 557 words
1927 (Oct) Wallace Battle, the Episcopal Church and Mississippi: A Story of Suppressed Truth 1927: W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis exposes Episcopal Church suppression of news about a Mississippi school’s murder, indicting racial injustice and betrayal of education 2,680 words
1927 (Oct) Death Rates W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1927) argues we must compare Black mortality to its past, not whites, showing major health gains and reduced infant deaths. 287 words
1927 (Sep) Browsing Reader - The American Race Problem In 1927 W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis critiques E.B. Reuter’s book as academic, prejudiced, and pessimistic about race, democracy, and Black education. 355 words
1927 (Aug) Mob Tactics W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1927) exposes mob tactics: police and mobs criminalize Black Americans, undermine democracy, and urges armed self‑defense. 356 words
1927 (Jul) Coffeeville, Kanasas W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1927) exposes racist mob violence in Coffeeville, Kansas, false rape accusations, Black self-defense, and justice failures. 301 words
1927 (Jul) Flood In 1927 The Crisis, W.E.B. Du Bois urges Black refugees to flee Southern racial terror—documenting lynching, exploitative relief, and labor coercion. 235 words
1927 (Apr) Farmers In 1927 The Crisis, W.E.B. Du Bois argues Black farmers face systemic exploitation in agriculture and should heed the Farm Bloc and McNary‑Haugen reforms. 405 words
1927 (Apr) The Higher Friction W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1927) argues racial friction moves up to higher stakes—voting, education, lynching, housing—measuring uneven Black progress. 255 words
1927 (Mar) Aiken W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1927) condemns Aiken’s lynchocracy: Klan rule, racial violence, and democratic failure with officials complicit. 280 words
1927 (Mar) Liberia W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1927) urges sympathy for Liberia, critiques missionary overreach and paternalism, defends Firestone lease, warns corporate power. 505 words
1927 (Feb) Chicago W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1927) condemns Chicago Democrats’ anti-Black campaign, showing race-driven tactics that coerced Black votes and weakened democracy. 409 words
1927 (Feb) “Harmless Flourish” W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1927) condemns Georgia disfranchisement and unequal voting power as drivers of graft, corruption, and broken democracy. 253 words
1927 (Feb) Science In 1927 The Crisis, W.E.B. Du Bois exposes scientific racism in Hirsh’s tests, showing biased sampling and unequal education drive alleged race differences. 145 words
1927 (Feb) War W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1927) condemns imperialist profiteering and urges pacifists to resist war with Mexico to defend human life. 204 words
1927 (Feb) Lynching W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1927) denounces 1926’s surge in lynching, arguing failed local justice demands federal action to protect Black life and democracy. 312 words
1927 (Feb) Judging Russia In 1927 W.E.B. Du Bois argues in The Crisis that Soviet Russia elevates labor and education—threatening capitalist power and redefining democracy. 1,275 words
1927 (Feb) Optimism In 1927 W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis rejects naive optimism, celebrates Black self-assertion in race, education, labor, arts, and legal progress. 436 words
1927 (Jan) Hayes W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1927) lauds Roland Hayes’s Carnegie Hall triumph as a powerful moment for Black cultural representation and racial pride. 129 words
1927 (Jan) Our Methods In The Crisis (1927) W.E.B. Du Bois defends NAACP methods, arguing organized protest and legal action advance racial justice, democracy, and labor rights. 751 words
1927 (Jan) League of Nations W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1927) critiques the League of Nations for excluding Black labor and colonial voices, urging racial and labor representation. 241 words
1927 (Jan) Intermarriage W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1927) counters claims the NAACP endorses interracial marriage, arguing bans breed illegitimacy and strip Black women’s protection. 153 words
1926 (Jun) Italy and Abyssinia W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1926) argues Italy seeks Abyssinia to extend empire, exposing imperial theft, racial hypocrisy, and threats to democracy. 490 words
1926 (Jun) Eugene Debs In 1926 W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis honors Eugene Debs, arguing his labor vision linked race and class—urging interracial labor solidarity for emancipation. 219 words
1926 (Jun) Books In this 1926 The Crisis review W.E.B. Du Bois condemns Carl Van Vechten’s Nigger Heaven as a false, demeaning portrait of Harlem and Black life. 996 words
1926 (Jun) Travel Traveling in 1926, W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis reports firsthand Russian and European journeys, arguing race and democracy are global issues. 785 words
1926 (Jun) The Shambles of South Carolina W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1926) exposes lynching, Klan violence and legal failure in South Carolina, arguing racial terror corrodes democracy. 3,095 words
1926 (May) Disenfranchisement W.E.B. Du Bois argues in The Crisis (1926) that Southern disenfranchisement of Black voters undermines democracy and fuels white supremacy. 512 words
1926 (May) Lynching W.E.B. Du Bois argues in The Crisis (1926) that lynching endures, urges Congress to pass the Dyer Anti-Lynching Bill, and reveals racial injustice. 309 words
1926 (May) Crime W.E.B. Du Bois argues in The Crisis (1926) that racist myths of Black criminality are false; crime stems from poverty, ignorance, and state oppression, not race. 456 words
1926 (May) Russia, 1926 W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1926) documents Soviet schools, labor, and mass democracy from Moscow, arguing Russia’s revolution reshapes his politics. 529 words
1926 (Apr) Criteria of Negro Art W.E.B. Du Bois, The Crisis, 1926: He argues Black art must fuse Truth, Beauty, and Justice as a force for democracy and freedom from white gatekeepers. 4,100 words
1926 (Apr) Again, Pullman Porters W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1926) condemns Pullman’s suppression of Black porters’ labor rights and urges resistance to servile, racialized work. 434 words
1926 (Mar) Our Book Shelf W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1926) praises Porgy’s sympathy but faults its narrow racial portrayal, erasing Charleston’s working and middle-class life. 322 words
1926 (Mar) Correspondence In 1926 W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis defends individuals’ right to interracial marriage while analyzing race, assimilation, and group self-respect. 392 words
1926 (Feb) The Newer South In The Crisis (1926), W.E.B. Du Bois critiques the New South’s Jim Crow, lynching, and educational neglect while urging white Southerners to join racial justice. 967 words
1926 (Jan) ‘Krigwa Players Little Negro Theatre’ W.E.B. Du Bois, in The Crisis (1926), argues for a new Negro theatre—by us, for us, near us—rooted in Harlem and advancing race democracy through art. 1,230 words
1926 (Jan) Murder W.E.B. Du Bois analyzes rising U.S. murder and lynching in The Crisis (1926), showing how racialized violence undermines democracy and human life. 212 words
1926 (Jan) The Sweet Trial W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1926) documents the Sweet trial, arguing racial mob violence and police bias forced Black homeowners to defend property and rights 3,285 words
1926 (Jan) The First Battle of Detroit W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1926) condemns white churches’ inaction, credits NAACP and Darrow for resisting racial injustice in Detroit’s Sweet trial. 346 words
1926 (Jan) Pullman Porters W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1926) defends Black Pullman porters’ labor rights, condemns company intimidation, press silence, and government corruption. 333 words
1926 (Jan) Our Book Shelf W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1926) lauds Alain Locke’s The New Negro as a racial renaissance—propaganda for life and liberty, warning art must serve struggle. 823 words
1925 (Jul) Ferdinand Q. Morton W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1925) profiles Ferdinand Q. Morton, a Tammany leader using party politics to secure Black representation and jobs. 794 words
1925 (Jun) The Firing Line In 1925 W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis argues the U.S., not Africa or the West Indies, is the racial firing line, urging democratic struggle and voting rights. 384 words
1925 (Jun) The Black Man and Labor W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1925) urges Black labor solidarity, defends Pullman porters’ unionizing, and calls for openness to Soviet industrial reforms. 343 words
1925 (Jun) Disenfranchisement In a 1925 essay for The Crisis, W.E.B. Du Bois documents how literacy tests, poll taxes and the White Primary disenfranchise Black voters and hollow democracy. 665 words
1925 (May) Our Book Shelf W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1925) reviews Johnson’s Negro Spirituals and Woofter’s racial study, praising musical heritage and calling for racial fairness. 1,033 words
1925 (May) The Challenge of Detroit In The Crisis (1925), W.E.B. Du Bois decries Detroit’s racial housing violence, exposing how migration, prejudice, and real estate power threaten democracy. 1,525 words
1925 (May) The New Crisis In 1925 W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis calls for renewed focus on race, labor, political independence, education, art and international peace. 1,246 words
1925 (Mar) Radicals and the Negro 1925: W.E.B. Du Bois argues in The Crisis that radicals must include Black emancipation—voting, education, labor and anti-lynching—to defend American democracy. 866 words
1924 (Dec) Fifteen Years In 1924 W.E.B. Du Bois urges readers to fund The Crisis, arguing that sustaining the magazine is vital to race, truth, democracy, and reform. 539 words
1924 (Dec) West Indian Immigration In The Crisis (1924), W.E.B. Du Bois critiques an immigration bill that bars West Indian migrants, arguing U.S. democracy and racial balance suffer. 203 words
1924 (Dec) The Election W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1924) critiques the election’s effects on Black democracy, cataloging gains in representation and losses from Klan resurgence. 479 words
1924 (Dec) The Temptation in the Wilderness W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1924) frames a Black man’s wilderness temptations as a moral struggle over bread, labor, power, race and spiritual dignity. 761 words
1924 (May) Fall Books W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1924) reviews fall books, indicting the Southern oligarchy, lynching, and disfranchisement while championing race, democracy, and education 1,386 words
1924 (May) How Shall We Vote W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1924) urges voting La Follette–Wheeler, ties race and economic injustice to politics, condemns Coolidge and the Klan. 142 words
1924 (May) A Lunatic or a Traitor W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1924) condemns Marcus Garvey as a dangerous traitor or lunatic who undermines race progress and Black democracy. 1,115 words
1924 (Apr) Little Portraits of Africa In 1924 The Crisis, W.E.B. Du Bois celebrates Africa’s landscape, people, and spiritual culture and critiques the heavy cost of colonial civilizing labor. 1,157 words
1924 (Apr) Inter-Marriage In 1924 W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis denounces KKK-backed anti-miscegenation bills, arguing race laws degrade women, marriage, and democracy. 274 words
1924 (Mar) Sketches from Abroad In 1924 W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis recounts travel sketches across Europe toward Africa, critiquing imperialism, whiteness, and noting Pan-African ties. 1,924 words
1924 (Mar) The N.A.A.C.P. and Parties In a 1924 essay for The Crisis, W.E.B. Du Bois condemns party patronage, urges Black voters to defend democracy, and promotes nonpartisan debate on race. 621 words
1924 (Feb) Kenya In The Crisis (1924), W.E.B. Du Bois condemns British colonial race policy in Kenya—land dispossession, exclusion of blacks and Indians, threat to democracy. 211 words
1924 (Feb) The Younger Literary Movement In 1924 The Crisis, W.E.B. Du Bois champions a younger Black literary movement—praising race-minded novels and modernist works that renew American literature. 1,652 words
1924 (Feb) To the American Federation of Labor In 1924’s The Crisis, W.E.B. Du Bois warns unions to end racial exclusion and create an Interracial Labor Commission to protect labor rights. 459 words
1924 (Feb) La Follette 1924: W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis condemns La Follette’s program for ignoring race and the Ku Klux Klan, risking continued injustice for Black Americans. 361 words
1924 (Jan) The Black Man and the Wounded World W.E.B. Du Bois, The Crisis (1924), argues income-seeking elites, backed by propaganda and law, sustain racial imperialism and deny labor, democracy, education. 3,195 words
1924 (Jan) Helping Africa In 1924 The Crisis, W.E.B. Du Bois critiques paternalism toward Africa, arguing Africans claim land, self-determination, and resist colonial control. 257 words
1924 (Jan) Unity In The Crisis (1924) W.E.B. Du Bois argues diversity - not enforced unity - is vital to Negro progress and defends the NAACP’s fight for race and democracy. 590 words
1924 (Jan) Vote W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1924) urges Black voters to target traitorous Congress and state candidates, using strategic voting to defend democracy. 157 words
1923 (Jun) A University Course in Lynching In 1923 W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis condemns university ‘courses’ that normalize lynching, exposing racial injustice and corruption of American education. 311 words
1923 (Jun) On Being Crazy In 1923 W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis exposes everyday racial exclusion as irrational cruelty, using vignettes to critique white prejudice. 554 words
1923 (Mar) Florida W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1923) advises Black migrants against emigrating to Liberia without capital, skills, and health, stressing labor realities. 319 words
1923 (Feb) The Technique of Race Prejudice In 1923 The Crisis, W.E.B. Du Bois exposes how elite white leaders use subtle techniques of race prejudice to bar Black talent from education and the arts. 1,322 words
1923 (Feb) The Tragedy of ‘Jim Crow’ W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1923) condemns rising Northern ‘Jim Crow’ school segregation, defends Black teachers, and urges democratic, educational reform. 2,131 words
1923 (Jan) Political Straws W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1923) analyzes Black voting strategy—rejecting enemies, backing allies, and demanding racial justice in democracy. 1,212 words
1923 (Jan) The Tuskegee Hospital W.E.B. Du Bois (1923, The Crisis) condemns Tuskegee Hospital’s racial segregation and political control, arguing it endangers Black veterans’ health and dignity. 950 words
1923 (Jan) Intentions W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1923) condemns partisan betrayal over the Dyer anti‑lynching bill and urges Black political power, sustained fight for democracy. 2,506 words
1922 (Sep) Flipper W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1922) documents racial injustice in Lt. H.O. Flipper’s 1882 dismissal and calls for congressional redress and rank restoration. 153 words
1922 (Sep) We Shuffle Along W.E.B. Du Bois (The Crisis, 1922) criticizes theatrical monopoly and white ignorance that bar Black performers, showing prejudice bred by censorship. 466 words
1922 (Jun) White Charity In 1922 W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis critiques white charity for Black communities, urging reparative accountability for race, labor and true freedom. 349 words
1922 (May) Social Equality W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis 1922 argues for social equality for Black Americans, condemning racial contempt and urging refusal to return hatred. 234 words
1922 (May) Art for Nothing In The Crisis (1922), W.E.B. Du Bois warns that underpaying Black artists starves their work and urges fair pay as a racial and labor justice issue. 404 words
1922 (May) Slavery W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1922) exposes continuing slavery and racial injustice in the Southern courts, profiteering elites, and church complicity. 311 words
1922 (May) Publicity W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1922) insists publicity, public income, property, and occupation records must reform labor, economics, and democracy. 527 words
1922 (May) Anti-Lynching Legislation In 1922 in The Crisis, W.E.B. Du Bois defends the NAACP’s focused anti-lynching campaign, warning that splitting efforts harms race justice and freedom. 786 words
1922 (May) Slavery W.E.B. Du Bois, in The Crisis (1922), condemns ongoing slavery and racial labor exploitation in the South and demands justice for Black Americans. 311 words
1922 (May) The President In 1922’s The Crisis, W.E.B. Du Bois denounces Republican race patronage and urges anti-lynching, labor and education reforms to defend democracy. 449 words
1922 (May) Inter-Racial Comity W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1922) urges interracial committees to act on race, the vote, Jim Crow, peonage and mob-law, warning against complacency. 375 words
1922 (May) The Drive In a 1922 The Crisis piece, W.E.B. Du Bois urges Black Americans to back the NAACP, fight lynching and Jim Crow at home, and defend democracy. 460 words
1922 (May) 7000 In 1922 W.E.B. Du Bois documents a 7,000-mile lecture tour in The Crisis, exposing Jim Crow, lynching, and Black life while urging racial democracy. 246 words
1922 (May) K.K.K. In 1922, W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis condemns the KKK as cowardly, racist, and lawless, urging the white South to defend democracy and Black rights. 419 words
1922 (May) Truth and Beauty In 1922 W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis urges cultivating Black art and beauty alongside truth, arguing culture and aesthetics vital to racial progress. 593 words
1922 (Apr) The Negro and Labor W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1922) exposes how race and labor intersect: white workers, employers, and imperialism pit Black labor against democracy and rights. 948 words
1922 (Feb) Advertising 1922: W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis argues modern advertising can mobilize indifferent white readers to expose lynching, advancing racial justice and democracy. 332 words
1922 (Jan) Mr. Howard In The Crisis (1922), W.E.B. Du Bois urges Perry Howard and Black officials to reject token roles, defend anti-lynching reform, and uphold race dignity. 389 words
1922 (Jan) N.A.A.C.P. and Xmas In The Crisis (1922), W.E.B. Du Bois urges donations to the NAACP, funding race justice, anti-lynching efforts, Klan exposure and legal aid. 450 words
1922 (Jan) Coöperation W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1922) defends cooperative labor among Black Americans, warns of frauds, and showcases successful racial-economic organizing. 209 words
1922 (Jan) Negro Art W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1922) argues Black art asserts the Negro race’s role as interpreter of beauty, demanding recognition and overturning racial myths. 160 words
1922 (Jan) The Harding Political Plan 1922 W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis condemns Harding’s plan to impose white rule and split Black votes, urging voters to protect race, democracy and the Dyer bill. 668 words
1922 (Jan) The World and Us W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1922) argues war-driven unemployment, imperialism, and racist labor exclusion undermine democracy and global disarmament. 1,083 words
1921 (Dec) President Harding and Social Equality W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1921) condemns Harding’s attack on social equality, defends racial equality, education and democracy; warns against segregation. 2,135 words
1921 (Dec) The Sermon in the Cradle In a 1921 Crisis essay, W.E.B. Du Bois reimagines Christ born in Benin, affirming Black dignity, faith, and hope as resistance to racial oppression. 505 words
1921 (Dec) Chamounix In 1921 W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis meditates on Chamounix and Mont Blanc, making mountain and mist into spiritual forces that renew human wonder. 761 words
1921 (Nov) Ku Klux Klan In The Crisis (1921) W.E.B. Du Bois exposes the Ku Klux Klan as a racist, profit-seeking racket whose exposure weakens its hold on democracy. 147 words
1921 (Nov) Manifesto to the League of Nations W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis 1921 asks the League of Nations to affirm racial equality, study Negro labor, and appoint Black members to Mandates Commission. 627 words
1921 (Nov) America’s Making W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1921) reports on America’s Making, a pageant documenting racial and immigrant contributions to education, labor, and music. 291 words
1921 (Nov) Robert T. Kerlin In 1921 The Crisis, W.E.B. Du Bois lauds Robert Kerlin’s courage defending Elaine victims, denouncing Southern race injustice and VMI’s academic dismissal. 481 words
1921 (Nov) To The World W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1921) demands racial equality, self-government, education and labor rights, condemning colonialism and economic injustice. 2,350 words
1921 (Oct) Thomas Jesse Jones W.E.B. Du Bois (The Crisis, 1921) criticizes T. J. Jones for imposing white control over Black education, missions and leadership, urging Black representation. 3,505 words
1921 (Jun) The Rising Truth W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1921) exposes southern racial terror and white hypocrisy and insists education and the ballot are crucial for democracy. 1,237 words
1921 (Jun) Crime W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1921) rejects the myth of Negro crime, cites poverty, ignorance, unjust courts, and urges reforms in labor, schools, justice. 266 words
1921 (Jun) The Second Pan-African Congress W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1921) urges Pan-African unity and fundraising for the Second Pan-African Congress, mobilizing Black organizations worldwide. 440 words
1921 (Jun) Negro Art W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1921) argues Black art must portray honest human truth about race and life—not mere propaganda or myth. 639 words
1921 (Apr) A Letter W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1921) condemns the YWCA’s dismissal of Mrs. Talbert, exposing racial insult, institutional injustice, and calling for apology. 592 words
1921 (Apr) The Liberal South In 1921 The Crisis W.E.B. Du Bois challenges the liberal South and urges white leaders to secure Black rights: vote, end Jim‑Crow travel, education, lynching. 773 words
1921 (Apr) The Second Pan-African Congress W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1921) announces the Second Pan-African Congress in Paris, arguing logistics and anti-colonial solidarity unite Black communities. 250 words
1921 (Apr) Tulsa In The Crisis (1921), W.E.B. Du Bois demands remembrance of Tulsa, praises Black self-defense and cooperative rebuilding, and urges support for justice. 270 words
1921 (Apr) Socialism and the Negro In The Crisis (1921), W.E.B. Du Bois critiques socialism’s promise for Black labor, urging cautious, evolutionary reform amid race and imperialism. 1,305 words
1921 (Apr) The Single Tax W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1921) argues land monopoly fuels economic injustice and urges Henry George’s single tax to defend labor and democracy. 245 words
1921 (Apr) Haiti W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1921) urges Americans to demand U.S. withdrawal from Haiti, condemning imperialism and defending Black democracy. 141 words
1921 (Mar) Pan-Africa In 1921 W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis traces the rise of Pan-African public opinion and urges unity for political rights, land, education and labor reform. 784 words
1921 (Mar) A Quarter Million In 1921 W.E.B. Du Bois urges readers in The Crisis to join the NAACP’s 250,000-member drive to defend Black freedom, democracy, and civil rights. 237 words
1921 (Mar) The Woman Voter W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1921) celebrates Black women’s voting as a democratic advance and reproves leaders like James B. Dudley who urged abstention. 244 words
1921 (Mar) Bleeding Ireland W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1921) argues English repression of Ireland mirrors U.S. racial violence, showing oppressed peoples used to police labor and race. 335 words
1921 (Mar) A Correction W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1921) corrects earlier coverage of Marcus Garvey’s Black Star Line, clarifying ship materials and defending Black enterprise. 102 words
1921 (Mar) Homicides In 1921 The Crisis, W.E.B. Du Bois denounces racist propaganda that twists homicide statistics to blame Black people while Black lives are murdered. 458 words
1921 (Mar) Boddy W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1921) indicts society for producing a young Black murderer—race, policing, war training and failed education at fault. 475 words
1921 (Mar) Gandhi and India W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1921) profiles Gandhi as a moral leader whose nonviolent non-cooperation advances India’s anti-colonial struggle for Swaraj. 3,326 words
1921 (Mar) Of Boards W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1921) argues that boards shape democratic action, praising NAACP leaders while exposing race, gender, and leadership tensions. 996 words
1921 (Mar) Investments W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1921) warns Black investors to safeguard race capital—demand honesty, responsibility, feasibility and capable leadership. 706 words
1921 (Mar) The Spread of Socialism W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1921) shows socialism’s global rise and urges democratic control of industry and labor through public stewardship. 283 words
1921 (Mar) Of Cold Feet W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1921) condemns patriotic bluster and cowardly refusal to protest a libelous film, a moral critique of civic duty and race. 110 words
1921 (Mar) About Pugilists In 1921 W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis exposes racial hypocrisy in boxing—condemning outrage at Jack Johnson while lynching goes unprotested. 323 words
1921 (Mar) Railroad Unions In 1921 The Crisis, W.E.B. Du Bois condemns railroad unions for racist, exclusionary labor monopolies that harm workers and democracy. 128 words
1921 (Mar) Girls In 1921 for The Crisis, W.E.B. Du Bois celebrates joyful Black girls’ education, critiquing stifling Southern school discipline and affirming hope. 183 words
1921 (Feb) Reduced Representation in Congress W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1921) urges reducing Southern congressional seats under the 14th Amendment to punish disfranchisement and defend democracy. 999 words
1921 (Feb) Phonograph Records In 1921’s The Crisis, W.E.B. Du Bois condemns phonograph firms’ racial exclusion of Black musicians and urges a Black-owned recording industry. 396 words
1921 (Feb) The Lynching Bill In The Crisis (1921), W.E.B. Du Bois condemns lynching as wholesale murder, urging federal action to defend law, democracy, and Black lives. 344 words
1921 (Feb) Africa for the Africans W.E.B. Du Bois (1921, The Crisis) argues Africa must be governed for Africans, critiques colonial labor limits and urges self-rule over racial paternalism. 408 words
1921 (Feb) The World and Us W.E.B. Du Bois argues in The Crisis (1921) that U.S. race caste, lynching, land monopoly and suppression of speech are pushing American democracy backward. 306 words
1921 (Feb) Charles Young In The Crisis (1921) W.E.B. Du Bois honors soldier Charles Young, chronicling racist Army injustice that sacrificed his career and life for duty and race. 531 words
1921 (Feb) Vicious Provisions of a Great Bill W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1921) lambasts a federal education bill that would cement racial schooling inequity and encourage lynching and peonage. 501 words
1921 (Feb) The Link Between W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1921) praises Natalie Curtis Burlin’s music work as bridging race divides, advancing cultural understanding and democracy. 734 words
1921 (Feb) Politics and Power 1921: W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis exposes how disfranchisement and racist tax and school policies in Mississippi deny Black education, democracy, and services. 633 words
1921 (Feb) The Class Struggle W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1921) rejects revolution; argues Black race needs economic democracy—banks, capital and education to secure labor rights. 909 words
1921 (Feb) Lynchings and Mobs W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1921) exposes how southern police, courts and press enforce racial terror—lynching, mob rule, and denial of justice. 100 words
1921 (Feb) Hopkinsville, Chicago and Idlewild W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1921) urges the NAACP to agitate, educate and build democratic control of capital to secure Black economic democracy. 910 words
1921 (Feb) Of Problems W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1921) criticizes racial double standards that deny Black social equality, voting rights and self‑defense. 120 words
1921 (Feb) Lynchings and Mobs W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1921) warns that segregating high schools undermines democracy, fosters racial hatred, and weakens education. 297 words
1921 (Jan) Pan-Africa W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1921) calls a Pan‑African Congress in Paris to rally Black governments and activists for racial solidarity, democracy, and self‑rule. 199 words
1921 (Jan) Votes for Negroes W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1921) denounces Bourbon South racism and urges Black enfranchisement as the cornerstone of democracy against lynching. 584 words
1921 (Jan) Chicago W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1921) warns that Illinois’ Inter-Racial Commission masks a segregation agenda, using questionnaires to trap Black leaders. 260 words
1921 (Jan) Thrift 1921: W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis urges Black thrift and democratic control of capital—saving, investment, and education as keys to racial and economic freedom 621 words
1921 (Jan) Mount Hermon In 1921 The Crisis, W.E.B. Du Bois condemns racial inequality in education, exposing philanthropy’s excuses and stark funding gaps for Black schools. 457 words
1921 (Jan) Marcus Garvey In 1921 W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis critiques Marcus Garvey’s racial commerce schemes, warning that poor business, secrecy, and hubris endanger Black progress. 2,857 words
1921 (Jan) Political Rebirth and the Office Seeker In The Crisis (1921), W.E.B. Du Bois urges Black voters to convert growing political power into deeds: federal anti-lynching, end Jim Crow, universal education. 435 words
1921 (Jan) Election Day in Florida W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1921) documents Ku Klux violence and voter suppression in Florida, exposing threats to Black democracy. 2,658 words
1921 (Jan) Tulsa Riots W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1921) documents the Tulsa race riot: white mob violence, mass displacement, and peonage driving terror. 923 words
1921 (Jan) Libelous Film W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1921) attacks The Birth of a Nation as racist libel and records arrests of NAACP protesters defending democracy. 173 words
1921 (Jan) The Negro and Radical Thought 1921: W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis urges Negro emancipation and labor solidarity at home, warning against uncritical embrace of Russian socialism. 1,443 words
1921 (Jan) Amity In 1921 The Crisis, W.E.B. Du Bois argues interracial amity and frank dialogue will heal race injustice and strengthen American democracy. 409 words
1920 (Dec) Marcus Garvey W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1920) critiques Marcus Garvey’s Black nationalist drive - praising his leadership and race pride while faulting its business sense. 1,349 words
1920 (Dec) The Unreal Campaign In 1920 The Crisis, W.E.B. Du Bois condemns an unreal presidential campaign that weaponized race, undermined democracy and failed labor and third parties. 829 words
1920 (Dec) McSwiney W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1920) praises Irish hunger-striker Terence MacSwiney, arguing patient martyrdom exposes injustice and defends democracy. 117 words
1920 (Dec) Pontius Pilate In The Crisis (1920) W.E.B. Du Bois casts Pilate as complicit in racial injustice, condemning lynching and white supremacy’s mockery of justice. 896 words
1920 (Dec) And Now Liberia In 1920 The Crisis, W.E.B. Du Bois denounces Wilson Plan as financial imperialism, rigid US terms and white control threaten Liberian sovereignty and democracy. 193 words
1920 (Dec) Martyrs W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1920) condemns the state executions and life sentences after the Houston Riot, demanding racial justice and pardons. 175 words
1920 (Nov) Pity the Poor Author W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1920) rebukes those who expect free books, defending authors’ labor, costs, and the dignity of literary work. 387 words
1920 (Nov) Progress In The Crisis (1920) W.E.B. Du Bois says Black selfhood, education, labor organizing and business enterprise fueled rapid racial progress since emancipation. 331 words
1920 (Nov) The Social Equality of Whites and Blacks W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1920) defends social equality as a democratic right for all races while advising against interracial marriage in America today. 1,191 words
1920 (Nov) Suffrage W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1920) argues southern suffrage laws mask race-based disenfranchisement, subverting democracy to preserve white supremacy. 583 words
1920 (Nov) Reason in School and Business W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1920) urges reason in race, education, and business—favoring merit over color while defending Black enterprise and fairness. 645 words
1920 (Oct) Steal W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1920) condemns white churches’ hypocrisy as they abandon labor and racial justice, siding with steel interests against unions. 334 words
1920 (Oct) Triumph In 1920 The Crisis, W.E.B. Du Bois celebrates woman suffrage as a democratic triumph and links opposition to lynching, child labor, and racial injustice. 252 words
1920 (Sep) The History of Haiti In The Crisis (1920), W.E.B. Du Bois traces Haiti’s revolutionary struggle, showing how race, Black labor, and foreign capital shaped its path to democracy. 1,182 words
1920 (Aug) The Task W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1920) says Shillady’s resignation exposes entrenched white opposition and limits NAACP methods, urging national action on race. 552 words
1920 (Jul) A Question 1920: W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis condemns silence about racial exclusion at conferences, urging public exposure of segregation and moral accountability. 339 words
1920 (Jul) Soldiers W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1920) condemns Army racial exclusion, urging organized Black units and Negro officers to secure military equality. 240 words
1920 (Jul) In Georgia W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1920) declares the NAACP’s Atlanta meeting an epoch: Black demands for vote, anti-lynching, education, labor and full democracy. 554 words
1920 (Jul) Race Intelligence In 1920 The Crisis, W.E.B. Du Bois dismantles racist intelligence tests, exposing flawed science that limits Black education and labor prospects. 590 words
1920 (Jul) Latin W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1920) defends Latin in Black education, warning that dropping classics isolates schools and denies college access. 266 words
1920 (Jun) Presidential Candidates 1920: W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis catalogs 17 presidential candidates’ stances on lynching, Jim Crow, schools and voting—exposing political silence. 164 words
1920 (Jun) Mississippi W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1920) documents how Mississippi laws and mobs criminalize race equality, censor Black speech, and enforce vigilante terror. 1,056 words
1920 (May) Extradition Cases In The Crisis (1920), W.E.B. Du Bois shows how northern refusals to extradite Black suspects—amid lynching threats—expose racial injustice in law. 183 words
1920 (May) Get Ready W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1920) calls on Black Americans to prepare, defend voting rights, and legally resist Southern efforts to disfranchise Black women. 332 words
1920 (May) White Co-Workers In 1920 W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis defends interracial NAACP leadership, arguing cooperation with whites advances racial justice and American democracy. 1,235 words
1920 (May) Atlanta In The Crisis (1920), W.E.B. Du Bois demands voting rights, an end to lynching and Jim Crow, and equal education, labor, and racial democracy. 178 words
1920 (Apr) Persecution In 1920 The Crisis, W.E.B. Du Bois condemns the persecution of educator Roscoe C. Bruce, urging Black Washington to end infighting that harms education. 637 words
1920 (Apr) In Black W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1920) urges Black communities to reject racist caricature, reclaim racial pride, and see beauty in black. 539 words
1920 (Apr) Remember In The Crisis (1920), W.E.B. Du Bois warns that the South’s fragile power relies on racial disfranchisement and urges federal defense of democracy. 180 words
1920 (Apr) Southern Representatives In 1920 The Crisis, W.E.B. Du Bois urges Republicans to cut Southern representation to punish Jim Crow disenfranchisement and defend Black voting. 285 words
1920 (Apr) Negro Writers W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1920) calls for promoting Negro writers, arguing a literary renaissance is vital to race, education, and economic justice. 323 words
1920 (Apr) Of Giving Work In 1920 The Crisis, W.E.B. Du Bois exposes southern paternalism: Black labor sustains white wealth and demands fair wages and political rights. 345 words
1920 (Apr) Every Four Years In The Crisis (1920), W.E.B. Du Bois denounces the Republican Party for buying Southern delegates, betraying Black leaders and enabling disfranchisement. 338 words
1920 (Apr) Hyde Park W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1920) condemns white real-estate schemes enforcing racial segregation in Hyde Park and urges Black property ownership. 182 words
1920 (Apr) Haiti In 1920 The Crisis, W.E.B. Du Bois condemns the U.S. occupation of Haiti as illegal racist repression that kills and deposes officials, denying Haitian democracy. 116 words
1920 (Mar) Murder Will Out In 1920 in The Crisis, W.E.B. Du Bois exposes how Southern race and class power undermine labor and democracy, exploiting both Black and white workers. 248 words
1920 (Mar) The Rise of the West Indian 1920: W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis shows how rising West Indian migration creates new Black political consciousness, labor demands, and race solidarity. 492 words
1920 (Mar) Forward W.E.B. Du Bois urges in The Crisis (1920) a renewed NAACP campaign against lynching, Jim Crow, and for the Black ballot and racial democracy. 293 words
1920 (Mar) How Shall We Vote In The Crisis 1920, W.E.B. Du Bois warns GOP and Democrats uphold Jim Crow; urges Black voters to elect congressional allies to defend race and democracy. 395 words
1920 (Mar) A Soldier 1920: W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis exposes racial injustice in Edgar Caldwell’s death sentence and urges Black donors to fund his legal defense. 122 words
1920 (Mar) Dives, Mob, and Scab W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1920) indicts industrialists and racist labor practices for driving Black workers to scab, lynching, and class conflict. 388 words
1920 (Mar) Just Like—Folks Du Bois in The Crisis (1920) exposes postwar hypocrisy: U.S. betrayal of democracy, repression of labor and Black veterans, and racial double standards. 270 words
1920 (Mar) Unrest W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1920) invokes divine intervention in a poem of social unrest, pleading for clarity amid racial and political turmoil. 88 words
1920 (Mar) Woman Suffrage In The Crisis (1920), W.E.B. Du Bois urges Black women to organize, study laws, register, and prepare for suffrage to defend democracy and race rights. 536 words
1920 (Mar) England, Again W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1920) condemns British imperialism and land theft, exposing racial hypocrisy and the betrayal of democratic ideals. 1,022 words
1920 (Mar) Again, Social Equality In the 1920 issue of The Crisis, W.E.B. Du Bois satirically exposes white hypocrisy that blocks Black social equality, voting rights, and true civic inclusion. 570 words
1920 (Mar) Information Wanted W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1920) demands to know if Black leaders aided Arkansas’ racial injustice—probing race, justice, and leadership betrayal. 231 words
1920 (Feb) Pettiness In a 1920 The Crisis piece, W.E.B. Du Bois condemns petty social squabbles among Black college women in Harlem and warns they undermine community and progress. 169 words
1920 (Feb) Clothes In a 1920 Crisis essay, W.E.B. Du Bois flips racist assumptions, arguing whites’ fears about Black laundry reveal public-health harms and racial hypocrisy. 138 words
1920 (Feb) Leadership W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1920) condemns imperialist leadership - England and Wilson - for betraying democracy, racial justice, and labor in the League. 294 words
1920 (Feb) A Matter of Manners In a 1920 essay in The Crisis, W.E.B. Du Bois argues that perceptions of Black manners provoke racial violence and lynching, exposing systemic injustice. 584 words
1920 (Feb) The Unfortunate South In 1920 W.E.B. Du Bois, in The Crisis, excoriates the white South’s racial blindness—blaming Black people for social ills and stifling culture. 196 words
1920 (Feb) Coöperation In The Crisis (1920), W.E.B. Du Bois urges Black cooperative stores—profit-sharing by purchase—to protect Black labor and resist corporate trusts. 368 words
1920 (Feb) Danger W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1920) warns that a bill making ‘racial’ appeals unmailable would silence Black voices and endanger democracy. 251 words
1920 (Feb) Crime In 1920 The Crisis, W.E.B. Du Bois argues racial injustice, poverty, and lack of education foster Black crime—and condemns collective punishment. 699 words
1920 (Feb) The House of Jacob W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1920) denounces Southern racial lawlessness—lynching, disfranchisement, failing schools and child labor that betray democracy. 256 words
1920 (Feb) Arkansas W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1920) exposes Arkansas insurance bias and white surveillance that punish Black wealth, voting and anti-lynching activism. 270 words
1920 (Jan) The Macon Telegraph In 1920 W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis rebukes the Macon Telegraph, arguing racial injustice—lynching, disfranchisement, unequal education—drives Southern unrest. 1,210 words
1920 (Jan) England In The Crisis (1920), W.E.B. Du Bois condemns English imperialism, exposing racial injustice and economic plunder and urging independence and self-rule. 759 words
1920 (Jan) Brothers, Come North W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1920) urges Black migration North for labor, education, and democracy, condemning Southern lynching and Jim Crow. 703 words
1920 (Jan) Sex Equality In 1920 The Crisis, W.E.B. Du Bois denounces AG Palmer for calling interracial marriage “sex equality,” exposes hypocrisy and defends Black rights to marry. 326 words
1920 (Jan) “Our” South W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1920) exposes the white South’s property myth that denies Black labor rights, education, and a democratic voice. 231 words
1920 (Jan) Race Pride In 1920 The Crisis, W.E.B. Du Bois challenges race pride, arguing whites must choose segregation or true democracy and justice for all races. 407 words
1920 (Jan) American Legion, Again In 1920 The Crisis, W.E.B. Du Bois urges Black veterans to join the American Legion, fight racial exclusion, and defend democracy. 233 words
1919 (Jun) An Essay Toward a History of the Black Man in the Great War W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1919) chronicles Black soldiers’ WWI service—labor, leadership struggles, and racial injustice challenging American democracy. 15,927 words
1919 (Jun) Egypt and India In a 1919 article in The Crisis, W.E.B. Du Bois urges Black America’s solidarity with colonized India and Egypt, condemning oppression and pleading for justice. 270 words
1919 (Jun) Steve W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1919) mourns the dog Steve as an allegory for Russia’s revolution—loyalty, loss, and sacrificial hope. 715 words
1919 (Jun) The Ballot In The Crisis (1919), W.E.B. Du Bois demands the ballot for Black WWI veterans, arguing democracy and education must end race-based disenfranchisement. 526 words
1919 (Jun) The Flight into Egypt In 1919 The Crisis, W.E.B. Du Bois reimagines the Holy Family as Black refugees, exposing racial oppression and the quest for freedom. 339 words
1919 (Jun) Peace In a 1919 essay in The Crisis, W.E.B. Du Bois calls for a postwar reckoning—after WWI’s blood and terror, nations must choose peace, healing, and democracy. 185 words
1919 (Jun) Radicals In 1919 The Crisis, W.E.B. Du Bois condemns Southern oligarchy’s campaign to silence Black critics, warning it threatens race equality and free speech. 331 words
1919 (Jun) The Real Causes of Two Race Riots In a 1919 Crisis piece, W.E.B. Du Bois argues race riots stem from Southern peonage, labor exploitation, and white mob violence undermining democracy. 4,351 words
1919 (Jun) The Gospel According to Mary Brown W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1919) retells Mary Brown’s parable to condemn racial violence and lynching, tying religious faith to labor and injustice. 1,154 words
1919 (Jun) The Negro Soldier W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1919) rebutts attacks on Black soldiers, exposing wartime racism and documenting their bravery and military competence. 576 words
1919 (Jun) Votes In 1919 W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis argues Black suffrage is the central racial struggle: Northern voters can restore democracy, end Southern disfranchisement. 423 words
1919 (May) My Mission W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1919) recounts organizing a Pan‑African Congress in Paris to press race, rights and League of Nations action for Black democracy. 1,252 words
1919 (May) To Mr. Emmett Scott W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1919) demands that Emmett Scott answer why Black soldiers faced mistreatment in France, exposing racial failures in the military. 189 words
1919 (May) Returning Soldiers W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1919) returns from war to demand racial justice, condemning lynching, disenfranchisement, and economic theft. 602 words
1919 (May) Robert R. Moton W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1919) criticizes R.R. Moton for sidelining Black troops, abandoning Pan-African work, and enabling racial deference. 735 words
1919 (May) Soldiers In 1919 W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis documents Black soldiers’ valor abroad and demands equal military rank, commissioned officers, and racial justice at home. 391 words
1919 (May) The Colored Voter In 1919 W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis argues that off-year elections shape democracy, urging Black voters to research candidates and defeat disloyal officials. 364 words
1919 (May) Letters In 1919 The Crisis, W.E.B. Du Bois urges southern white women to challenge disfranchisement, Jim Crow, lynching, and racial inequality in education and labor. 251 words
1919 (May) Flaming Arrows In The Crisis (1919) W.E.B. Du Bois argues Wilson’s rhetoric of democracy and justice exposes U.S. racial hypocrisy toward Black and colonized peoples. 264 words
1919 (May) Patriotism W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1919) argues WWI forged a new patriotism—Americans now fight for democracy, justice, and labor rights. 394 words
1919 (May) Heroes In The Crisis (1919), W.E.B. Du Bois honors Southern Black men and women whose nonviolent endurance demands racial dignity and freedom. 241 words
1919 (May) A Statement W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1919) declares a critical racial moment, urging lawful resistance, NAACP organizing, and a fight against Jim Crow. 317 words
1919 (May) Social Equality In The Crisis (1919), W.E.B. Du Bois rebukes white panic over social equality, arguing Black aims are voting, education and civil rights. 191 words
1919 (May) The League of Nations In 1919 W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis urges pragmatic support for the League of Nations to secure peace and advance racial democracy against imperialism. 256 words
1919 (Apr) Balls W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1919) celebrates Black social balls as vibrant displays of race, culture, and community pride that challenge racial stereotypes. 194 words
1919 (Apr) The True Brownies In 1919 W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis announces The Brownies’ Book to educate Black children in racial pride, history, and universal brotherhood. 574 words
1919 (Apr) Shillady and Texas W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1919) castigates Texas for lynching, disenfranchisement, and racial violence that deny Blacks land, education, and democracy 536 words
1919 (Apr) The War History In 1919 The Crisis, W.E.B. Du Bois urges readers to preserve records documenting Black soldiers’ labor, service, and race relations in WWI. 417 words
1919 (Apr) The Riot at Longview, Texas In a 1919 The Crisis article, W.E.B. Du Bois documents the Longview, Texas race riot, exposing white violence and Black self-defense amid lawlessness. 1,070 words
1919 (Apr) Chicago and Its Eight Reasons In The Crisis (1919), W.E.B. Du Bois traces eight causes of Chicago race riots—race prejudice, labor competition, police failure, press lies, housing. 2,561 words
1919 (Apr) Byrnes W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1919) condemns Rep. Byrnes for defending disenfranchisement and white supremacist violence, urging legal action 424 words
1919 (Apr) For What In a 1919 The Crisis piece, W.E.B. Du Bois contrasts Parisian decency with U.S. racism and urges Black Americans to join European democracy. 239 words
1919 (Mar) Labor Omnia Vincit In 1919 The Crisis, W.E.B. Du Bois argues labor must claim its due: racial justice, democratic equality, and Black workers’ rightful wages. 406 words
1919 (Mar) The American Legion W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1919) condemns the American Legion’s racial exclusion of Black veterans and urges organized resistance to defend democracy. 327 words
1919 (Mar) Forward In a 1919 Crisis Forward, W.E.B. Du Bois urges Black readers to study labor struggles, public-utility ownership, and global fights for democracy and worker rule. 433 words
1919 (Mar) Signs from the South W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1919) documents Southern racial violence against Black churches and schools and argues true democracy must include Black citizens. 279 words
1919 (Mar) The Riots: An N.A.A.C.P. Investigation W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1919) reports NAACP probes into race riots, exposing mob violence, press incitement, and Black self-defense. 1,969 words
1919 (Mar) Let us Reason Together In 1919 The Crisis, W.E.B. Du Bois urges Black self-defense against lynching while warning against vengeful violence to uphold law, honor, and democracy. 451 words
1919 (Mar) The Black Man in the Revolution of 1914-1918 W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1919) documents Black soldiers’ valor in WWI, French praise, and persistent U.S. racial discrimination threatening democracy. 2,892 words
1919 (Mar) Memorandum to M. Diagne and Others on a Pan-African Congress to be held in Paris in February, 1919 In 1919 W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis proposes a Paris Pan-African Congress to demand race rights, education, land and political voice for Black peoples. 676 words
1919 (Feb) Reconstruction and Africa W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1919) exposes European colonial greed and hypocrisy, urging African self-rule and protection of native labor, culture and rights. 471 words
1919 (Feb) Africa W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1919) shows how European colonial partition and WWI’s aftermath fueled Pan‑Africanism and demands for racial self‑determination. 486 words
1919 (Jan) Reconstruction W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1919) calls for Negro reconstruction: integrate schools, build church-led economic co-ops, expand Black labor and political power. 685 words
1919 (Jan) Jim Crow In The Crisis (1919) W.E.B. Du Bois analyzes Jim Crow’s paradox: segregation undermines rights yet spurs Black institutions, urging race unity and prudence. 570 words
1919 (Jan) The Future of Africa 1919: W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis urges ending colonial exploitation and racial prejudice, calling for Pan-African self-rule, education, and labor reform. 1,370 words
1918 (May) The Burning of Jim Mc Ilherron: An N.A.A.C.P. Investigation In a 1918 Crisis piece, W.E.B. Du Bois documents the lynching of Jim McIlherron, exposing racial violence and the failure of justice in the South. 3,317 words
1918 (May) Houston: An N.A.A.C.P. Investigation W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1918) links Houston’s riot to police brutality and racial injustice, documenting harm and new Black migration 4,500 words
1918 (May) Co-Operation 1918: W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis advocates cooperative economics as Black labor’s path to industrial emancipation and racial economic empowerment. 660 words
1918 (May) Votes for Women W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1918) urges Black voters to back woman suffrage as a moral and democratic defense against racial disfranchisement. 629 words
1918 (May) The Oath of the Negro Voter In 1918 W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis calls Black voters to protect the ballot, demand enfranchisement, justice, and democratic reform via the NAACP. 472 words
1918 (May) Hampton W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1918) criticizes Hampton Institute for curtailing Black education, burying talent, and excluding Black governance. 1,287 words
1918 (Apr) The Slaughter of the Innocents W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1918) condemns Black infant mortality, urging public-health, nutrition, and racial-justice reforms. 264 words
1918 (Apr) Blease, Vardaman, Hardwick and Company In 1918 W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis condemns Blease, Vardaman and Hardwick as race-haters undermining democracy and the war against despotism. 237 words
1918 (Apr) Houston W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1918) condemns racial injustice in the Houston military trials, demands officers’ court-martials, civilian punishment, and pardons 127 words
1918 (Apr) School W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1918) urges keeping Black children in school, arguing education — not child labor — ensures racial progress. 112 words
1918 (Apr) The Boy Over There In 1918 W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis mourns Black youth lost in WWI and calls the race to support its soldiers, condemning neglect and moral cowardice. 349 words
1918 (Apr) Houston and East St. Louis In 1918 The Crisis, W.E.B. Du Bois documents racial massacres in Houston and East St. Louis, exposing deadly injustice and unequal legal treatment. 726 words
1918 (Apr) Attention W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1918) calls on educated Black men to join the 92nd Division’s field artillery, filling technical, leadership, and labor roles. 490 words
1918 (Apr) The Republican Party In The Crisis (1918), W.E.B. Du Bois condemns the Republican Party as anti-Black and reactionary, exposing racial exclusion in party politics. 143 words
1918 (Mar) A Momentous Proposal W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1918) defends accepting a military commission to advance Black rights, lamenting the government’s shelving of a race-bureau plan. 502 words
1918 (Mar) Our Special Grievances W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1918) praises Black wartime loyalty, urging temporary deference of grievances while demanding eventual full civil rights. 427 words
1918 (Mar) The Work of a Mob In The Crisis (1918) W.E.B. Du Bois documents brutal lynchings in Georgia, exposing racial terror and its assault on Black democracy and life. 2,346 words
1918 (Mar) The Reward In 1918 The Crisis, W.E.B. Du Bois argues Black wartime loyalty has won citizenship, labor gains, and steps against segregation and lynching. 410 words
1918 (Mar) The Black Man and the Unions W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1918) condemns labor unions’ racial exclusion, arguing they betray democracy by denying Black workers fair labor rights. 749 words
1918 (Mar) Crime W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1918) condemns white Methodist leaders’ bid to expel 350,000 Black members as a racial crime and church hypocrisy. 460 words
1918 (Feb) A Philosophy in Time of War In a 1918 Crisis essay, W.E.B. Du Bois urges Black Americans to fight for democracy abroad while demanding justice, citizenship, and racial equality at home. 570 words
1918 (Feb) Tillman W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1918) argues Tillman’s death signals a turn in Southern labor and race politics toward Black enfranchisement. 223 words
1918 (Feb) Help Us to Help W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1918) urges redress of racial grievances—better travel, equal aid, suppression of lynching, securing democracy and war loyalty. 438 words
1918 (Feb) Food In 1918 in The Crisis, W.E.B. Du Bois urges Black Americans to reduce meat and embrace vegetables for wartime thrift, health, and racial uplift. 196 words
1918 (Feb) The Railroads In 1918 The Crisis, W.E.B. Du Bois argues federal control of railroads can end Jim Crow, open union jobs to Black workers, and strengthen Black democracy. 224 words
1918 (Feb) The Burning at Dyersburg: An N.A.A.C.P. Investigation W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1918) exposes the NAACP’s investigation of Lation Scott’s brutal burning, revealing racial terror and community complicity. 3,200 words
1918 (Feb) Negro Education W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1918) blasts Jones’ effort to confine Negro education to industrial labor, demanding college access, representation and reform. 3,910 words
1918 (Feb) The Shadow of Years In a 1918 Crisis memoir, W.E.B. Du Bois traces how education, race, and work shaped his life—from youthful promise to leadership and resolute racial advocacy. 3,312 words
1918 (Jan) The Common School In 1918 W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis calls for national aid to democratic common schools: focus on reading, writing, arithmetic and racial representation. 756 words
1918 (Jan) Philanthropy and Self Help In The Crisis (1918), W.E.B. Du Bois urges Black self-help: as philanthropy wanes, Black communities must fund universities to sustain education and democracy. 812 words
1918 (Jan) Close Ranks W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1918) calls on Black Americans to close ranks, set aside grievances, and defend democracy against German militarism. 190 words
1918 (Jan) Thirteen In The Crisis (1918), W.E.B. Du Bois condemns racial injustice: thirteen Black soldiers executed while white perpetrators go free, attacking American justice. 163 words
1918 (Jan) Thirteen W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1918) praises the NAACP as the most effective defender of Black civil rights, fighting disenfranchisement, segregation, lynching. 245 words
1917 (Jun) Victory In 1917 W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis celebrates a Supreme Court victory against segregation, calling it a milestone for civil rights and democracy. 259 words
1917 (Jun) Baker In 1917 The Crisis, W.E.B. Du Bois praises Secretary Baker’s fair treatment of Black troops and demands a second officers’ training camp to expand Negro officers 309 words
1917 (Jun) The Second Coming W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1917) uses a prophetic allegory to expose white racial fear and envision Black emergence and social change. 980 words
1917 (Jun) The Migration of Negroes W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1917) documents Black migration as a labor and rights exodus driven by lynching, disfranchisement, boll weevil and low wages. 2,023 words
1917 (Jun) Resolutions of the Washington Conference W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1917) urges Black Americans to join the war effort and demands race justice: voting, education, end to lynching and Jim Crow. 897 words
1917 (Jun) We Should Worry W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1917) warns white leaders: Black military service or mass industrial migration will boost Black labor power and curb lynching 369 words
1917 (Jun) Officers W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1917) demands Negro officers and separate training camps to combat military racism and defend Black citizenship. 610 words
1917 (May) The White Church In The Crisis 1917, W.E.B. Du Bois condemns the white church’s moral failure on race and calls Christian leaders to confront injustice and industrial theft. 377 words
1917 (May) Register and Vote W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1917) urges Black registration and voting to break the white primary, defend democracy, and win schools and civic reforms. 337 words
1917 (May) The Migration W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1917) argues Black labor’s Great Migration meets Northern demand, exposes Southern racial hypocrisy and threats to Black freedom. 167 words
1917 (May) Naval Ruler In 1917 W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis criticizes military imperialism: naval officers govern colonies without training in democratic governance or social needs. 122 words
1917 (May) Loyalty W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1917) rebukes Southern claims of Black disloyalty, defending Black patriotism, migration, and claims to democracy. 269 words
1917 (May) A Moral Void W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1917) condemns Southern moral failure as governors ignore anti-Black lynching, praising Ohio’s pursuit of justice. 388 words
1917 (Apr) The South W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1917) chronicles Southern industrial growth, Black labor and migration, and the racial violence shaping a new, fragile order. 111 words
1917 (Apr) The Perpetual Dilemma In 1917 The Crisis, W.E.B. Du Bois urges Black Americans to accept a separate officer training camp to secure military leadership and racial progress. 538 words
1917 (Apr) Houston W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1917) exposes racial injustice in Houston, documenting how disarmed Black soldiers fought back and demanding military justice. 405 words
1917 (Apr) Consecration In a 1917 Crisis essay, W.E.B. Du Bois urges consecration to business and industry, training children for democratic labor to avert social chaos. 473 words
1917 (Mar) Civilization in the South W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1917) condemns Southern culture as entwined with lynching, racist labor hierarchies, and anti-democratic barbarism. 630 words
1917 (Mar) The Attempted Lynching of Lube Martin: An N.A.A.C.P. Investigation W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1917) documents the attempted lynching of Lube Martin and exposes racial terror and legal injustice. 655 words
1917 (Mar) The Tuskegee Resolutions In 1917’s The Crisis, W.E.B. Du Bois denounces Tuskegee resolutions for urging Black labor to remain South while ignoring lynching and legal injustice. 296 words
1917 (Mar) The Massacre in East St. Louis W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1917) documents the East St. Louis massacre, linking racial terror to labor conflict and failures of democracy and law. 10,633 words
1917 (Mar) The Negro Silent Parade W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1917) documents the Negro Silent Parade, a mass silent protest against race riots, lynching, and injustice. 1,506 words
1917 (Mar) Awake America W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1917) urges America to end lynching, disenfranchisement and Jim Crow at home to honestly defend democracy abroad. 388 words
1917 (Mar) The Black Bastille In 1917 in The Crisis, W.E.B. Du Bois condemns America’s ‘Black Bastille’ of racial prejudice that undermines democracy and demands its abolition. 379 words
1917 (Mar) East St. Louis W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1917) condemns the East St. Louis race pogrom as a betrayal of American democracy and insists Black labor will keep moving north. 163 words
1917 (Mar) More Suggestions W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1917) urges Black industrial cooperation—organize businesses and distribution to create jobs and resist racial inequality. 340 words
1917 (Feb) Curtains of Pain In The Crisis (1917), W.E.B. Du Bois portrays pain’s ‘Curtains’ as a crucible of shared humanity and healing that dissolves race and fosters brotherhood. 202 words
1917 (Feb) The Present In 1917 The Crisis, W.E.B. Du Bois urges the American Negro to fight in war and seize industrial, labor and civic openings to build a colorless democracy. 198 words
1917 (Feb) Roosevelt In 1917 The Crisis, W.E.B. Du Bois praises Theodore Roosevelt’s stand against East St. Louis violence and condemns national hypocrisy on lynching and democracy. 154 words
1917 (Jan) Schools W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1917) defends Black secondary and higher schools, denouncing philanthropic gatekeeping that threatens Black education. 365 words
1917 (Jan) Promoting Race Prejudice 1917: W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis exposes everyday race prejudice—petty slurs, institutional exclusions and government racial categories undermining democracy 258 words
1917 (Jan) Justice In 1917 The Crisis, W.E.B. Du Bois condemns the Justice Department’s racial hypocrisy, ignoring lynching and disfranchisement while policing alleged German plots. 223 words
1917 (Jan) Memphis or East St. Louis? 1917: W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis links lynching, forced labor and union discrimination to Black migration, urging education and federal protection. 668 words
1916 (Jun) Tenements W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1916) exposes philanthropic tenement plans as racial segregation, urging democracy, fair sites, and transparency. 301 words
1916 (Jun) Deception W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1916) exposes how the southern press racially deceives readers, false-equating North and South and blocking justice. 270 words
1916 (Jun) Consolation In a 1916 essay in The Crisis, W.E.B. Du Bois exposes how gendered discrimination in medicine reveals racial hypocrisy and entrenched white supremacy. 464 words
1916 (Jun) Refinement and Love W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1916) urges culture, refinement, and love for racial uplift but warns Black freedom may demand grim, violent struggle. 327 words
1916 (Jun) Muddle W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1916) argues NAACP must teach political education so Black voters demand candidates’ positions to defend democracy 265 words
1916 (May) The Pageant W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1916) depicts a 1,250‑person Pageant marking the AME Church centennial and asserting Black civic pride. 227 words
1916 (May) The Pageant W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1916) spotlights a mass Pageant celebrating the AME Church’s centennial, staging Black religious history and racial pride. 227 words
1916 (May) To the Rescue In The Crisis (1916) W.E.B. Du Bois criticizes U.S. policy as Black troops fight to defend white liberties abroad, urging race-based self-defense and rights. 147 words
1916 (May) Public Schools In The Crisis 1916, W.E.B. Du Bois charges Southern public schools with shaping Black servants, undermining education, democracy, and racial equality. 240 words
1916 (May) Social Equality W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1916) condemns white Southern efforts to re-enslave and argues education and interracial contact are vital for race equality. 331 words
1916 (May) Public Schools In 1916 W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis condemns Southern use of public education to uphold race and class, arguing schools must foster democracy, not servitude. 240 words
1916 (May) Southern Civilization In 1916 The Crisis, W.E.B. Du Bois condemns Southern oligarchy for lynching, disfranchisement, and opposing national suffrage to preserve white supremacy. 348 words
1916 (May) Mr. Hughes W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1916) warns Republican promises won’t buy Black votes; demands specific racial and democratic commitments from Hughes. 200 words
1916 (May) Presidential Candidates In 1916 The Crisis, W.E.B. Du Bois urges Charles Evans Hughes to oppose lynching, disfranchisement and segregation to protect race equality and democracy. 662 words
1916 (Apr) The Church W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1916) criticizes the white church’s hypocrisy and urges the Black church to lead democratic social uplift. 374 words
1916 (Apr) Peonage 1916: W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis condemns peonage as slavery reborn, exposing how coerced labor and lynching enforce racial domination. 897 words
1916 (Apr) Three Churches In 1916 W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis documents how three Negro churches advance education, social uplift, and community democracy through institution-building. 836 words
1916 (Apr) Intermarriage In 1916 W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis condemns anti-intermarriage laws as racial injustice, exposing how courts use law to ruin a mixed-race girl’s life. 233 words
1916 (Apr) Cowardice In 1916 The Crisis, W.E.B. Du Bois condemns Black passivity before lynching, urges armed self‑defense to confront racial terror and save democracy. 352 words
1916 (Apr) The Presidential Campaign In The Crisis 1916, W.E.B. Du Bois condemns Democratic betrayal of Black voters and warns Republicans like Hughes will offer neglect, not justice. 256 words
1916 (Apr) The Negro Party In a 1916 Crisis essay, W.E.B. Du Bois urges Black voters to form a Negro Party—vote as a unit to win political power and racial justice. 408 words
1916 (Apr) Migration In 1916 W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis urges Black southerners to migrate North to escape lynching, gain education and labor opportunities. 314 words
1916 (Mar) The Negro Public School In The Crisis (1916), W.E.B. Du Bois attacks racialized public education, arguing vocational training enforces caste and undermines democracy. 375 words
1916 (Mar) The Cherokee Fires: An N.A.A.C.P. Investigation W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1916) exposes arson and terror in Cherokee as an NAACP probe showing racial violence and labor-driven dispossession. 3,495 words
1916 (Mar) St. Louis W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1916) critiques St. Louis segregation, documenting Black mobilization, white paternalism, and threats to racial equality. 491 words
1916 (Mar) Brandeis In 1916 The Crisis, W.E.B. Du Bois argues Brandeis’s nomination brings a minority, labor‑friendly voice to the Supreme Court to advance race and democracy. 186 words
1916 (Mar) Conduct, Not Color In a 1916 article in The Crisis, W.E.B. Du Bois argues race, not just conduct, shapes Black advancement and exposes limits of color-blind claims. 91 words
1916 (Mar) The Battle of Europe 1916 — In The Crisis W.E.B. Du Bois argues WWI exposes Western civilization’s brutality, prompting racial pride, democratic change, and cultural renewal. 500 words
1916 (Mar) The Colored Audience W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1916) urges Black audiences to cultivate intelligent appreciation, linking race, culture and education to uplift colored theater. 235 words
1916 (Feb) That Capital ‘N’ W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1916) argues that capitalizing Negro affirms racial dignity and rejects a legacy of slavery and editorial bias. 337 words
1916 (Feb) Germany In 1916 W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis condemns Germany’s colonial racism, documenting massacres like the Herero slaughter and contrasting French comradeship. 362 words
1916 (Feb) Lies Agreed Upon In 1916 W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis denounces erasure of Black achievement, arguing racial prejudice rewrites history and denies nonwhite role in civilization. 237 words
1916 (Feb) An Open Letter to Robert Russa Moton W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1916) urges Tuskegee leader Moton to defend Black voting rights, equal education, and oppose Jim Crow segregation. 779 words
1916 (Feb) The Drama Among Black Folk W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1916) champions Black pageantry as folk drama and racial education, shows its artistic promise and financial neglect. 1,842 words
1916 (Feb) Ireland In a 1916 The Crisis piece, W.E.B. Du Bois urges Black solidarity with Ireland, condemning English oppression and historic racialized labor conflict. 207 words
1916 (Feb) Carrizal In The Crisis (1916), W.E.B. Du Bois condemns U.S. racism: Carrizal’s Black soldiers’ sacrifice exposes hypocrisy—honored in death, denied rights in life. 200 words
1915 (Jun) The Star of Ethiopia In 1915 W.E.B. Du Bois recounts staging The Star of Ethiopia pageant in The Crisis, showing race pride, education, and community triumph. 1,168 words
1915 (Jun) The Elections In 1915 W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis shows how Black voter education determined woman suffrage outcomes and challenged Republican race politics. 281 words
1915 (Jun) Booker T. Washington W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1915) praises Booker T. Washington’s gains in Black education but faults him for aiding disfranchisement and color caste 419 words
1915 (Jun) Haiti In a 1915 essay in The Crisis W.E.B. Du Bois exposes U.S. intervention in Haiti as racial domination, linking State Dept. policy to lynching and white supremacy. 537 words
1915 (Jun) An Open Letter W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1915) charges Southern race policy with lynching, disenfranchisement, schooling and labor exclusion and demands organized justice. 1,420 words
1915 (Jun) Lusitania In a 1915 essay for The Crisis, W.E.B. Du Bois condemns World War I as the unveiling of Western racial and imperial hypocrisy, affirming Black moral vindication. 300 words
1915 (Jun) An Amazing Island W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1915) celebrates Jamaica’s post-color-line society while exposing severe labor exploitation and endemic poverty. 641 words
1915 (May) The Risk of Woman Suffrage W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1915) warns that woman suffrage threatens social harmony and family roles, arguing gender differences shape politics. 1,024 words
1915 (May) We Come of Age W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1915) celebrates five years of the Black press’s growth, achieving self-support and securing the editor’s salary. 235 words
1915 (May) Woman Suffrage W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1915) rebukes anti-suffrage claims and affirms that women’s labor, equality, and democratic rights require the vote. 790 words
1915 (May) The Republicans W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1915) exposes how Republican Party rules quietly disfranchised Southern Black delegates, undermining democracy and race justice. 164 words
1915 (May) Peace 1915: W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis argues that peace movements fail by ignoring race, colonial rule, and white supremacy as root causes of war. 158 words
1915 (May) Credit In 1915 W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis urges unity: credit for resisting racist legislation belongs to collective Black agitation and NAACP-led democracy fights. 358 words
1915 (May) The Fourteenth Amendment W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1915) urges Congress to enforce the Fourteenth Amendment and reduce Southern representation to protect Black democracy. 106 words
1915 (Apr) Hayti In 1915 The Crisis W.E.B. Du Bois condemns U.S. intervention in Hayti as racist imperialism, calling citizens to protest and defend sovereignty. 249 words
1915 (Apr) Woman Suffrage W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1915) argues Black voters must support woman suffrage as a democratic, racial-justice duty that advances equality. 242 words
1915 (Apr) The Immediate Program of the American Negro W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1915) demands full political, industrial, and social equality, urging law reform, education, labor action, and organization. 1,954 words
1915 (Mar) Young W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis 1915 honors Major Charles Young, praising his military and civic service and resilient defiance of racial abuse. 412 words
1915 (Mar) Preparedness W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1915) argues that true national preparedness requires ending lynching and securing racial justice under law. 415 words
1915 (Mar) A Pageant In 1915 W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis launches the Horizon Guild to stage pageants of Negro history, advancing race pride, democracy, and cultural education. 553 words
1915 (Mar) Colored Chicago 1915 W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis profiles Chicago’s 50,000 Black residents, their labor, housing, schools, institutions, and racial barriers to advancement. 795 words
1915 (Mar) Other Organizations W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1915) defends documenting NAACP civil‑rights actions in detail as its organ, while pledging fair coverage of others. 206 words
1915 (Mar) Some Chicagoans of Note W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1915) profiles Black Chicago leaders, physicians, politicians, clergy and entrepreneurs, linking race, civic life and business. 1,641 words
1915 (Mar) Hayti In 1915 W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis urges America to save Hayti, defend Black sovereignty and democracy, and oppose imperialist graft. 251 words
1915 (Mar) The Grandfather Clause In The Crisis (1915), W.E.B. Du Bois exposes the Grandfather Clause as a racist tool undermining Black democracy, education, and labor rights. 324 words
1915 (Mar) The White Christ W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1915) criticizes white Christianity’s wartime hypocrisy and praises the democratic, inclusive Negro church. 297 words
1915 (Mar) An Old Folks’ Home W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1915) documents Black-led charity: race-based philanthropy and old-folks’ homes sustaining elders while urging public support. 380 words
1915 (Mar) Organization W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis 1915 urges Black Americans to emulate Jewish organization, arguing race uplift needs education, charity and civic unity. 451 words
1915 (Feb) Frank In The Crisis (1915), W.E.B. Du Bois condemns Southern racial and religious prejudice and the legal failures that nearly led to Leo Frank’s lynching. 255 words
1915 (Feb) The Lynching Industry In 1915 The Crisis, W.E.B. Du Bois documents the 1914 lynching industry, exposing racial violence and the hypocrisy undermining American democracy. 1,502 words
1915 (Feb) Suffrage and Women In 1915 W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis warns that suffrage allies use racist, nativist calculations that endanger democracy and the women’s movement. 114 words
1915 (Feb) The President W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1915) sharply criticizes President Wilson’s insincere, Jim-Crow-promoting stance that betrays race and democracy. 347 words
1915 (Jan) Education W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1915) condemns vocational limits on Black education as deliberate attack on race, democracy, and full intellectual development. 1,487 words
1915 (Jan) Agility In 1915 W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis condemns suffragist evasions that defend white supremacy and betray democracy and Black women’s rights. 329 words
1914 (Jun) Murder In 1914 W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis shows how race prejudice fuels nationwide violence and unusually high murder rates, exposing a moral crisis. 219 words
1914 (Jun) Y.M.C.A W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1914) praises Black YMCAs’ growth but condemns YMCA racial segregation as unchristian, unjust, and dangerous to race justice. 288 words
1914 (Jun) William Monroe Trotter W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1914) praises William Monroe Trotter’s fearless defense of Black equality and criticizes Wilson’s paternalistic race views. 212 words
1914 (Jun) The Christmas Prayers of God In a 1914 piece in The Crisis, W.E.B. Du Bois condemns war, imperial exploitation, racial violence and lynching, pleading to God for justice and mercy. 973 words
1914 (Jun) Supreme Court W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1914) calls on the Supreme Court to reject grandfather clauses, Jim Crow and peonage to protect Black rights. 206 words
1914 (Jun) The Election In 1914 W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis criticizes parties for ignoring 500,000 Black voters, arguing race and democracy force political reckoning. 138 words
1914 (Jun) Negro In 1914 W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis argues that capitalizing Negro asserts racial respect and public recognition against dismissive usage. 154 words
1914 (Jun) The Congressmen and the NAACP W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1914) exposes congressmen’s evasions on race, lynching, segregation and intermarriage, urging NAACP political accountability. 1,654 words
1914 (Jun) Mexico W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1914) warns a war on Mexico would be racialized imperialism—exploiting labor, dishonoring democracy and civilization. 229 words
1914 (Jun) Senators’ Records In 1914 W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis exposes Senate suffrage debates invoking race, naming senators who backed disfranchisement and threatened democracy. 613 words
1914 (May) The Burden of Black Women W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1914) condemns white supremacy’s burden on Black women, exposing racial and gender injustice. 634 words
1914 (May) A Correspondence In 1914 W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis condemns the General Federation’s racial exclusion of Black women’s clubs, defending black women’s self‑respect. 637 words
1914 (May) World War and the Color Line W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1914) argues World War stems from imperialism and the color line, warning race prejudice fuels global conflict. 1,200 words
1914 (May) A Question of Policy and The Philosophy of Mr. Dole 1914 The Crisis: W.E.B. Du Bois rejects conciliatory friends whose silence enables lynching and racial injustice, demanding Black democracy and voting rights. 2,342 words
1914 (Apr) Brazil In 1914 in The Crisis, W.E.B. Du Bois rebukes Roosevelt, defending Brazil’s racial fusion and warning U.S. racism fuels poverty, lynching, and undermines democracy. 808 words
1914 (Apr) Does Organization Pay? W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1914) urges Black unity and NAACP membership, arguing organized action is essential to secure racial rights and democracy. 408 words
1914 (Apr) Veiled Insults In 1914 W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis exposes refusal to capitalize Negro as a racial insult, critiquing supposed egalitarian rhetoric. 314 words
1914 (Apr) Of the Children of Peace 1914: W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis condemns war as organized murder, urging mothers and children to demand peace and end death and hunger. 810 words
1914 (Mar) A Little Play In a 1914 issue of The Crisis, W.E.B. Du Bois satirizes racial prejudice, exposing how claims of ‘inferiority’ deny equality and humane treatment. 295 words
1914 (Mar) Booming The Crisis W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1914) defends The Crisis’s independence, rebukes the Washington Bee, critiques race weeklies’ facts and urges principled advocacy. 425 words
1914 (Mar) Lynching In 1914 The Crisis, W.E.B. Du Bois exposes how suppressed reporting masks lynching’s rise, documenting race-based violence and challenging ineffective reforms. 381 words
1914 (Mar) Taxation without Representation W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1914) exposes how Black Memphis taxpayers fund education, parks, and infrastructure yet lack representation and democratic rights. 727 words
1914 (Mar) A Crusade In 1914 W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis urges a new abolitionist crusade for race justice and democracy, calling for mass organization and support for the NAACP. 478 words
1914 (Mar) Does Race Antagonism Serve Any Good Purpose In 1914 W.E.B. Du Bois argues in The Crisis that race antagonism is taught, not instinctive, and undermines education, democracy, and human uplift. 1,034 words
1914 (Mar) The Story of Africa In The Crisis (1914), W.E.B. Du Bois celebrates Africa’s great civilizations and condemns the violence of empire, trade and slavery. 844 words
1914 (Feb) The South in the Saddle W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1914) exposes how Southern disfranchisement inflates Congressional power, forcing national policy and undermining democracy. 315 words
1914 (Feb) Work for Black Folk in 1914 In 1914 W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis urges a bold program to defend Black property, labor, education, civil rights, and democracy from racial oppression. 589 words
1914 (Feb) The Negro and the Land In The Crisis (1914), W.E.B. Du Bois argues that disenfranchisement, education cuts and segregationist laws actively block Black land ownership and democracy. 1,210 words
1914 (Feb) Migration W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1914) warns Oklahoma’s migration to Africa is dangerous: Africa needs capital and skilled leadership, not untrained labor. 176 words
1914 (Feb) Resistance W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1914) argues Hindu and Chinese resistance to white oppression reveals racial injustice and undermines the oppressor’s power. 74 words
1914 (Feb) Don’t Be Bitter 1914: W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis rejects pleas to ‘not be bitter,’ arguing Black Americans’ calm demands for voting rights, racial justice, and dignity. 521 words
1914 (Feb) The Prize Fighter W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1914) argues press outrage over Jack Johnson reveals white racist backlash—sporting morality masks racial hypocrisy. 384 words
1914 (Feb) Votes for Women 1914: W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis argues Black support for women’s suffrage strengthens democracy, challenges racial disfranchisement, and advances justice. 830 words
1914 (Jan) The Song of the Smoke In a 1914 poem for The Crisis, W.E.B. Du Bois makes ‘smoke’ a black emblem of industrial labor, exposing race, toil, and modernity’s moral costs. 403 words
1914 (Jan) Join or Die In The Crisis (1914), W.E.B. Du Bois urges Black Americans to join the NAACP, mobilize against racial prejudice, and defend democracy. 444 words
1914 (Jan) Free, White and Twenty One In 1914 The Crisis, W.E.B. Du Bois urges “free, white and twenty-one” citizens to join the NAACP, arguing race prejudice endangers democracy and labor. 441 words
1914 (Jan) The Alleged Failure of Democracy In 1914 W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis argues Reconstruction’s alleged failure is a fiction: Black enfranchisement built public education and advanced democracy. 921 words
1914 (Jan) Logic In The Crisis 1914, W.E.B. Du Bois condemns arrests of unemployed Black men as racist labor exploitation that criminalizes race and undermines democracy. 115 words
1914 (Jan) Real Estate in New York In 1914 The Crisis, W.E.B. Du Bois urges Black New Yorkers to hold strategic property and mobilize institutions to thwart racist real-estate displacement. 397 words
1914 (Jan) The Cause of Lynching In 1914 W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis argues lynching enforces racial control, falsely justified as crime suppression and undermines justice. 293 words
1914 (Jan) College Education In The Crisis (1914), W.E.B. Du Bois urges Black families to pursue rigorous college education as the path to racial freedom and dignified labor. 223 words
1914 (Jan) Muddle W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1914) condemns northern reformers’ cowardice and southern segregation, urging race-aware social reform and democracy. 990 words
1913 (Nov) The People of Peoples and Their Gifts to Men W.E.B. Du Bois stages a 1913 pageant in The Crisis celebrating Black contributions to civilization, labor, faith and the struggle for freedom. 2,223 words
1913 (Nov) Another Open Letter to Woodrow Wilson W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1913) denounces federal segregation, warns Wilson this assault on race, democracy, and votes will cost political support. 1,138 words
1913 (Jun) The Strength of Segregation In 1913 The Crisis, W.E.B. Du Bois warns segregation will forge Black racial unity and strength, undermining white supremacy and reshaping American democracy. 305 words
1913 (Jun) The Three Wise Men In his 1913 essay for The Crisis, W.E.B. Du Bois frames a Christmas parable that reclaims spiritual birth and uplifts the lowly, centering Black ministry. 1,504 words
1913 (Jun) The Episcopal Church In 1913 W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis condemns the Episcopal Church’s role in slavery, racial hypocrisy, and refusal to support Black education and rights. 546 words
1913 (Jun) Education In The Crisis (1913), W.E.B. Du Bois urges Americans to confront the race problem through education and hard knowledge, not cowardly denial. 381 words
1913 (Jun) Education W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1913) warns democracy is at risk unless lynching, disfranchisement and racial discrimination are confronted. 209 words
1913 (Jun) The Next Step W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1913) urges lasting NAACP organization to track and defeat anti-Black intermarriage bill sponsors at primaries. 294 words
1913 (Jun) Logic In 1913 W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis argues race prejudice inevitably leads to disenfranchisement, lynching, and attacks on Black property and education. 604 words
1913 (May) The Clansman W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1913) denounces Dixon’s The Clansman as racist propaganda that falsifies history and urges suppression to defend racial justice. 568 words
1913 (May) The Simple Way W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1913) rejects simple fixes for the Negro problem, arguing self-help rhetoric masks racial exploitation, dispossession, and Jim Crow. 303 words
1913 (May) The Vigilance Committee: A Call To Arms W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1913) urges federating local vigilance committees into NAACP branches to combat racial discrimination via law, education, and civic action. 1,406 words
1913 (May) Woman’s Suffrage In The Crisis (1913), W.E.B. Du Bois celebrates defeats of the color line in women’s suffrage and urges Black men and women to fight for a race-blind democracy. 137 words
1913 (May) Peace In 1913 The Crisis, W.E.B. Du Bois criticizes American peace leaders for ignoring colonial imperialism, urging democratic, anti-racist peace over aristocratic dignity. 340 words
1913 (Apr) The Hurt Hound W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1913) condemns racial degradation, arguing racism twists Black dignity so mere decency feels like ecstatic relief. 368 words
1913 (Apr) Easter-Emancipation 1863-1913 In a 1913 poem for The Crisis, W.E.B. Du Bois mourns Black sacrifice since 1863 and affirms hard-won freedom, memory, and the cost of race and liberation. 1,359 words
1913 (Apr) The “Jim Crow” Argument In 1913 The Crisis, W.E.B. Du Bois condemns Jim Crow segregation as a racial tyranny that destroys democracy and insists on social equality. 346 words
1913 (Apr) Hail Columbia Du Bois in The Crisis (1913) condemns white supremacy and gendered violence at the suffrage parade, exposing racial hypocrisy and threats to democracy. 807 words
1913 (Apr) The Princess of the Hither Isles In a 1913 fable in The Crisis, W.E.B. Du Bois condemns racial exclusion and imperial greed, showing how white supremacy dehumanizes and destroys. 1,529 words
1913 (Apr) The Church and the Negro W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1913) faults the church for promoting racial injustice, exposing Christian hypocrisy and urging labor, education, moral reform. 604 words
1913 (Mar) The Proper Way W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1913) urges constant agitation against disfranchisement, Jim Crow, and lynching to defend Black democracy. 592 words
1913 (Mar) An Open Letter to Woodrow Wilson In 1913 W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis urges Woodrow Wilson to defend Black civil rights—voting, education, labor access—and end lynching to save democracy. 1,169 words
1913 (Mar) The Fruit of the Tree W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1913) condemns rhetoric of Black subservience as causing disenfranchisement, segregation and lynching, and calls for resistance. 243 words
1913 (Feb) Intermarriage W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1913) condemns anti-miscegenation laws as racist, degrading to Black women and a threat to justice and social decency. 605 words
1913 (Feb) Blessed Discrimination 1913: W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis argues that racial discrimination cripples education, business and health — it harms Black progress, not aids it. 1,263 words
1913 (Feb) Burleson 1913 W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis condemns Burleson’s push to segregate the federal civil service, links race exclusion to lynching, and urges action. 672 words
1913 (Feb) Slavery In 1913 The Crisis, W.E.B. Du Bois condemns South African slavery and disfranchisement, showing how race and labor deny democracy and human life. 302 words
1913 (Feb) Civil Rights W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1913) denounces the Supreme Court’s repeal of civil-rights protections, arguing it exposes a racial betrayal of American democracy 232 words
1913 (Feb) Orphans W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1913) exposes race prejudice and mismanagement at the Colored Orphan Asylum and urges competence, equality, and Black governance. 890 words
1913 (Jan) Our Own Consent In 1913 W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis argues that collective protest against Jim Crow and disfranchisement can force America to face racial injustice. 293 words
1913 (Jan) Emancipation In 1913 W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis condemns post-Emancipation rollback, arguing for a national fight for race, democracy, education and labor rights. 791 words
1913 (Jan) The Newest South In 1913 W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis lauds the newest South where interracial leaders openly confront race problems and denounces the old South’s racist press. 189 words
1913 (Jan) I Go A-Talking W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1913) chronicles a 7,000-mile tour, documenting Black communities, exposing Jim Crow segregation, and urging racial uplift. 1,550 words
1912 (Jun) Decency W.E.B. Du Bois, The Crisis (1912): exposes German legal endorsement of interracial marriage as a critique of white supremacy and Western decency. 189 words
1912 (Jun) Education W.E.B. Du Bois argues in The Crisis (1912) that education should train minds for life, not just trades, urging broad schooling for Black children and democracy. 1,104 words
1912 (Jun) Suffering Suffragettes W.E.B. Du Bois argues in The Crisis (1912) that race shapes suffrage battles, exposing democracy’s flaws and demanding equal rights for women of all colors. 892 words
1912 (Jun) The Odd Fellows W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1912) argues the Grand United Order of Odd Fellows must educate Black voters to strengthen democracy and prevent oligarchy. 571 words
1912 (Jun) The Election W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1912) defends Black support for Wilson, warns of Southern racism and disfranchisement, and urges real justice and democracy. 640 words
1912 (Jun) The Truth In 1912 W.E.B. Du Bois (The Crisis) demands a Renaissance of truth, exposing press silences and misrepresentations of Black life, race, and democracy. 851 words
1912 (Jun) The Black Mother In The Crisis (1912), W.E.B. Du Bois condemns the ‘mammy’ myth, urging respect for Black motherhood, economic justice, and dignity in domestic labor. 394 words
1912 (May) The Negro Church Du Bois in The Crisis (1912) analyzes the Negro church’s leadership, arguing for honest, educated ministers and active programs in education and social uplift. 596 words
1912 (May) The Colored Magazine in America W.E.B. Du Bois charts the history of Black magazines and their struggles for voice, press power, and race advocacy in The Crisis (1912). 1,337 words
1912 (May) The Second Birthday In 1912 W.E.B. Du Bois argues in The Crisis that a Black press is vital for race publicity and democracy, urging support despite financial struggle. 1,171 words
1912 (May) The Last Word in Politics In The Crisis (1912), W.E.B. Du Bois urges Black voters to weigh race and democracy over party promises, endorsing a risky test of Wilson. 607 words
1912 (Apr) The Servant in the South W.E.B. Du Bois, in The Crisis (1912), shows how Southern house service exploits Black labor with low pay and abuse, urging dignity, fair wages, and reform. 595 words
1912 (Apr) In God’s Gardens W.E.B. Du Bois, in The Crisis (1912), argues for North–South unity and an interracial future, urging democracy beyond fear and prejudice. 204 words
1912 (Apr) Vital Statistics W.E.B. Du Bois debunks a white-supremacist claim about Black mortality in The Crisis (1912), documenting declining Negro death rates with census data. 408 words
1912 (Apr) Of Children W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1912) argues that children symbolize democracy’s future and moral responsibility, urging society to protect and nurture youth. 150 words
1912 (Mar) Divine Right W. E. B. Du Bois, The Crisis (1912) exposes racist divine-right myths, condemns lynching, and challenges white prerogatives in a provocative crisis-era argument 439 words
1912 (Mar) Homes Du Bois, The Crisis, 1912: Homes exposes housing discrimination against Black families and condemns biased real estate, unlike other Crisis pieces. 272 words
1912 (Mar) Lee Du Bois argues in The Crisis (Mar. 1912) that victory isn’t virtue; unlike other Crisis pieces, he contrasts Washington and Lee to show moral choice matters. 557 words
1912 (Mar) The Justice of Woman Suffrage Du Bois argues in The Crisis (1912) that denying women suffrage harms democracy and racial justice, urging equal political rights for women. 974 words
1912 (Mar) Virginia Christian W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1912) shows how Virginia’s white-supremacist order denies education, produces poverty, and murders Virginia Christian. 222 words
1912 (Mar) Mr. Roosevelt W.E.B. Du Bois, in The Crisis (1912), exposes Theodore Roosevelt’s racism toward Black Americans and argues for equal rights, voting, and democracy. 948 words
1912 (Mar) Two Suffrage Movements W.E.B. Du Bois, in The Crisis (1912), argues that women’s suffrage and Black emancipation share a democratic struggle, urging universal rights for all. 1,932 words
1912 (Mar) Colored Women as Voters W.E.B. Du Bois argues in The Crisis (1912) that colored women gain political power through voting to shape education, housing, and justice, advancing democracy. 752 words
1912 (Mar) Votes for Women W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1912) urges Black voters to back women’s suffrage, tying democracy, racial justice, and uplift to universal enfranchisement. 535 words
1912 (Mar) Garrison and Woman’s Suffrage W.E.B. Du Bois argues abolition and women’s rights are linked, citing Garrison’s support for the Grimke sisters and the 1840 convention in The Crisis, 1912. 1,241 words
1912 (Mar) Brother Baptis’ on Woman Suffrage W.E.B. Du Bois argues in The Crisis (1912) that Black women and voters unite for suffrage and democracy, exposing how racism and sexism oppress both. 237 words
1912 (Feb) The Durbar W.E.B. Du Bois, The Crisis (1912), argues the Indian Durbar yields real concessions won by sustained agitation—education, autonomy, and inclusion—unlike mere honors. 369 words
1912 (Feb) The Gall of Bitterness W.E.B. Du Bois argues in The Crisis (Feb. 1912) that bitter truth, not sugarcoated wit, reveals racial antagonism, combats lynching myths, and demands justice. 633 words
1912 (Feb) China Du Bois argues in The Crisis (1912) that China’s revolution reveals humane modernity and fights white supremacy, challenging Crisis-era racial narratives. 243 words
1912 (Feb) Light W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1912) counters the ‘child’ Negro myth, showing Phelps-Stokes-funded education reveals Black humanity beyond stereotype. 596 words
1912 (Feb) Anarchism W.E.B. Du Bois argues in The Crisis (1912) that extortion by Southern officials manufactures Black crime, exposing white supremacy and harm to the poor. 149 words
1912 (Feb) Politics W.E.B. Du Bois argues in The Crisis (1912) that Black votes hold the balance of power, urging strategic demands for democracy, justice, and education reforms. 1,111 words
1912 (Feb) Ohio W.E.B. Du Bois argues in The Crisis (1912) that Ohio women’s suffrage boosts Black political influence, linking democracy, race and labor to win freedom. 412 words
1912 (Jan) Crime and Lynching W.E.B. Du Bois argues in The Crisis (1912) that lynching provokes crime; stop lynching to stop crime, a humane critique grounded in Florida and vagrancy abuses. 968 words
1912 (Jan) A Mild Suggestion W.E.B. Du Bois presents a biting satirical dialogue in The Crisis (Jan 1912) examining ‘solutions’ to the Negro problem, contrasting reform talk with violence. 1,211 words
1912 (Jan) Fraud and Imitation W.E.B. Du Bois, in The Crisis (1912), exposes impostors who exploit white praise and counterfeit educational groups to undermine Black progress and unity. 461 words
1912 (Jan) The Third Battle of Bull Run Du Bois argues in The Crisis (1912) that the third battle at Manassas is for Black education and democracy, funding a school as resistance. 648 words
1912 (Jan) Organized Labor W.E.B. Du Bois, in The Crisis (1912), shows organized labor excluding Black workers and white-supremacist union tactics, urging labor to serve humanity. 546 words
1911 (Jun) The Sin Against the Holy Ghost W.E.B. Du Bois, in The Crisis (1911), argues deceit for political gain is the unforgivable sin, corroding Black humanity, race dignity, and democracy. 592 words
1911 (Jun) Jesus Christ in Georgia W.E.B. Du Bois, in The Crisis (1911), exposes how convict labor and mob violence reveal white supremacy, morally indicting racism and offering redemption. 3,270 words
1911 (Jun) The Cost of Education W.E.B. Du Bois shows how Black taxpayers subsidize white schooling and underfunded colored schools, exposing race and education injustice in The Crisis (1911). 400 words
1911 (Jun) Joseph Pulitzer W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1911) analyzes Joseph Pulitzer, noting the New York World’s fair treatment of Black Americans amid harsh press rivalries. 351 words
1911 (Jun) Christmas Gift W.E.B. Du Bois, in The Crisis (1911), calls the 1911 vote a Christmas gift for Black voters, detailing disenfranchisement battles and political leverage. 331 words
1911 (Jun) Starvation and Prejudice 1911 W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis argues Washington’s minimization of Southern race wrongs lets prejudice, lynching and disfranchisement threaten democracy. 786 words
1911 (Jun) Education W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1911) urges national education reform, exposing how racial inequality and weak schools betray American democracy. 542 words
1911 (Jun) Education In The Crisis (1911), W.E.B. Du Bois argues that education and philanthropy must restrain profit-driven business to preserve labor and democracy. 1,063 words
1911 (May) Christianity Rampant W.E.B. Du Bois argues in The Crisis (1911) that practical Christianity masks imperial cruelty; he links church complicity to wars, conquest, and racial justice. 319 words
1911 (May) The Census W.E.B. Du Bois argues in The Crisis (1911) that Census data debunk white supremacy, showing Black growth and economic progress redefine race and democracy. 478 words
1911 (May) ‘Ezekielism’ W.E.B. Du Bois, in The Crisis (1911), exposes ‘Ezekielism’: the prejudiced habit of imputing a group’s flaws to individuals, harming Black life and democracy. 503 words
1911 (May) The Quadroon W.E.B. Du Bois, in The Crisis (1911), champions humanity beyond race, using lyrical praise of mixed heritage to critique white supremacy and defend democracy. 106 words
1911 (May) ‘Social Equality’ W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1911) argues that ‘social equality’ means humanity for Black Americans, exposing Southern hypocrisy and urging education and labor. 555 words
1911 (May) Prejudice W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1911) denounces cultivated race prejudice in America and urges citizens to resist lies that undermine democracy. 370 words
1911 (May) Violations of Property Rights In a 1911 essay in The Crisis, W.E.B. Du Bois shows how race prejudice, municipal policy, wage bias and mob/legal violence violate Black property rights. 3,074 words
1911 (Apr) Knowledge W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1911) rebukes Southern “knowledge,” using census data on suicide and nervous disease to expose false racial claims. 231 words
1911 (Apr) Forward Backward W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1911) critiques how the ‘Negro question’ stalls democracy and reform—exposing suffrage and moral hypocrisy. 639 words
1911 (Apr) Hail, Columbia! W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1911) rebukes America’s leaders for silence as lynchmob violence, racial prejudice and lawlessness imperil democracy. 543 words
1911 (Apr) Mr. Taft 1911: W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis condemns Taft’s race policies, rejecting Southern guardianship over Black education, voting rights and justice. 555 words
1911 (Apr) The Truth In 1911 W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis urges telling the full truth about race and Southern injustice, warning that silence fuels oppression. 413 words
1911 (Apr) The Writer In 1911 W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis mourns Frances Harper and urges investment in Black literature, education, and developing writers for racial democracy. 324 words
1911 (Apr) Smith Jones In a 1911 Crisis piece W.E.B. Du Bois exposes how race blocks a Black poet’s access to education, criminalizing ambition and denying opportunity. 501 words
1911 (Mar) Promotion of Prejudice In 1911 W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis exposes syndicated racist editorials that manufacture race prejudice across North and South and threaten democracy. 732 words
1911 (Mar) Triumph In a 1911 Crisis piece, W.E.B. Du Bois condemns lynching and white‑supremacist mob violence, urging Black resistance for justice and democracy. 638 words
1911 (Mar) The Races in Congress In 1911 W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis reports on the First Universal Races Congress, urging education, interracial understanding, and global action on race. 3,335 words
1911 (Mar) The World in Council In 1911 W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis praises the First Universal Races Congress as a moral victory for race equality and condemns U.S. racial policy. 485 words
1911 (Mar) Social Equality W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1911) insists social equality is essential to civil and political rights and condemns Black leaders’ acceptance of pariah status. 326 words
1911 (Mar) The Methodist Church, North In The Crisis 1911, W.E.B. Du Bois condemns the Methodist Church, North for sidelining Black leadership and trading racial justice for reunion with the South. 394 words
1911 (Mar) The Blair Bill In 1911 W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis urges revival of the Blair Bill, arguing federal education aid is essential for democracy and racial justice. 772 words
1911 (Mar) The White Primary In The Crisis (1911) W.E.B. Du Bois shows how the white primary lets party bosses bar Black voters, disenfranchising citizens and threatening democracy. 801 words
1911 (Mar) Politeness In 1911 in The Crisis, W.E.B. Du Bois argues that racial codes of politeness impose costs, urging Black dignity and condemning white hypocrisy. 369 words
1911 (Feb) London W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1911) depicts London as imperial capital where racial empire and rising colored peoples foreshadow a global race conference. 524 words
1911 (Feb) Lynching W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1911) argues lynching stems from racial contempt and lawlessness that cheapens Black life and threatens democracy. 366 words
1911 (Feb) Races In The Crisis (1911), W.E.B. Du Bois argues modern science exposes race myths, urging education and civic reform to erase supposed racial hierarchies. 1,025 words
1911 (Feb) Pink Franklin W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1911) lambastes racial injustice in Pink Franklin’s commuted sentence, exposing Southern law bowed to mob prejudice. 296 words
1911 (Feb) Rampant Democracy W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1911) exposes how democracy masks racial and class segregation in education, mocking calls for separate schools. 253 words
1911 (Feb) Southern Papers 1911: W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis scolds white Southern papers for mocking race issues and defending peonage, exposing labor exploitation and hypocrisy. 346 words
1911 (Feb) Education In The Crisis (1911), W.E.B. Du Bois exposes systemic racial injustice in education, citing stark attendance, funding, and term-length disparities. 1,069 words
1911 (Feb) Separation In The Crisis (1911) W.E.B. Du Bois argues race-based separation betrays democracy, forcing Black subordination in education, law, and public life. 521 words
1911 (Jan) Allies In 1911 W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis critiques U.S. racial injustice, showing hypocrisy when others gain rights abroad while Black citizens are denied democracy 440 words
1911 (Jan) The Flag In a 1911 Crisis piece, W.E.B. Du Bois condemns States’ rights as shielding racial terror—arguing federal action is needed to protect Black citizens. 256 words
1911 (Jan) Discrimination In 1911 W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis condemns race-based segregation as dehumanizing, a caste undermining democracy, education, and civil life. 309 words
1911 (Jan) The High School W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1911) recounts Black St. Louis’s fight for a new colored high school—race, civic action, and self-help vs white opposition. 366 words
1911 (Jan) Except Servants W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1911) critiques racial prejudice that welcomes ‘servants’ but excludes Black people, exposing caste and labor bias. 86 words
1911 (Jan) The Truth W.E.B. Du Bois, in The Crisis (1911), exposes Southern lies about Black suffrage, documenting racial disfranchisement and threats to democracy. 427 words
1911 (Jan) Jesus Christ in Baltimore 1911: W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis condemns churches abandoning Black neighborhoods—race and class drive religious flight and moral hypocrisy. 237 words
1911 (Jan) The Old Story W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1911) exposes how racial prejudice fuels false criminal accusations, lynch mobs, and unjust legal imprisonment. 400 words
1911 (Jan) ‘Ashamed’ W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1911) rebukes claims that Black demands for dignity mean shame of race, arguing race pride drives the struggle for freedom. 262 words
1911 (Jan) ‘Social Equality’ W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1911) reframes social equality, listing disenfranchisement, school denial, labor discrimination and lynching as racial injustices 176 words
1911 (Jan) A Winter Pilgrimage In a 1911 Crisis piece, W.E.B. Du Bois shows how local race, education and labor dynamics shape democracy—rising Black ambition meets entrenched color-line. 753 words
1911 (Jan) Envy In 1911 The Crisis, W.E.B. Du Bois critiques labeling Black leaders’ disagreements as ‘envy,’ arguing race leadership debates deserve principled scrutiny. 293 words
1910 (Dec) Advice 1910: W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis condemns silence on lynching, exposing racial prejudice that silences Black grievance and undermines justice. 323 words
1910 (Dec) The Inevitable W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1910) denounces racial ‘inevitability’—arguing that treating people by skin color is criminal injustice and social danger. 281 words
1910 (Dec) The Ghetto In The Crisis (1910) W.E.B. Du Bois denounces the ghetto and racial segregation as undemocratic, urging education and interracial association. 380 words
1910 (Dec) Precept and Practice In 1910 The Crisis, W.E.B. Du Bois condemns liberal hypocrisy as theatergoers applaud racial heroism yet permit restaurant discrimination. 238 words
1910 (Dec) The Election W.E.B. Du Bois, The Crisis (1910), critiques Black voters’ Democratic shift, urging Democrats to defend racial equality and reject reactionary, oppressive laws. 355 words
1910 (Dec) The Races in Conference W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1910) urges the Universal Races Congress to create interracial contact, tolerance, and a true democracy of races. 695 words
1910 (Dec) N.A.A.C.P. W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1910) urges resistance to race prejudice through print, lectures, research and relief to defend democracy and Black rights. 522 words
1910 (Nov) Segregation In the 1910 Crisis, W.E.B. Du Bois condemns school segregation as anti-democratic, arguing race-based separation degrades education and shirks public duty. 491 words
1910 (Nov) Baltimore In The Crisis (1910), W.E.B. Du Bois condemns Baltimore’s race-based ordinances, arguing prejudice—not Black homeowners—lowers property values. 214 words
1910 (Nov) The Crisis In 1910 W.E.B. Du Bois inaugurates The Crisis to expose race prejudice, defend American democracy, and promote tolerance, reason, and justice. 319 words
1910 (Nov) Agitation In a 1910 The Crisis essay, W.E.B. Du Bois argues agitation, though painful, is necessary to expose and cure race prejudice and restore justice. 217 words
1910 (Nov) Voting In The Crisis (1910), W.E.B. Du Bois urges Black voters to cast independent ballots to defend democracy and resist disfranchisement. 170 words
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