Southern United States
Articles about Southern United States from The Crisis (1910-1934)
Southern United States (162 articles)
Articles from The Crisis that focus on Southern United States.
Use the search box below to find specific articles.
| Date | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|
| 1911 (Jan) | Except Servants | W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1911) critiques racial prejudice that welcomes ‘servants’ but excludes Black people, exposing caste and labor bias. |
| 1911 (Feb) | Education | In The Crisis (1911), W.E.B. Du Bois exposes systemic racial injustice in education, citing stark attendance, funding, and term-length disparities. |
| 1911 (Feb) | Separation | In The Crisis (1911) W.E.B. Du Bois argues race-based separation betrays democracy, forcing Black subordination in education, law, and public life. |
| 1911 (Feb) | Southern Papers | 1911: W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis scolds white Southern papers for mocking race issues and defending peonage, exposing labor exploitation and hypocrisy. |
| 1911 (Mar) | Politeness | In 1911 in The Crisis, W.E.B. Du Bois argues that racial codes of politeness impose costs, urging Black dignity and condemning white hypocrisy. |
| 1911 (Apr) | The Truth | In 1911 W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis urges telling the full truth about race and Southern injustice, warning that silence fuels oppression. |
| 1911 (Apr) | Forward Backward | W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1911) critiques how the ‘Negro question’ stalls democracy and reform—exposing suffrage and moral hypocrisy. |
| 1911 (Apr) | Mr. Taft | 1911: W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis condemns Taft’s race policies, rejecting Southern guardianship over Black education, voting rights and justice. |
| 1911 (May) | Violations of Property Rights | In a 1911 essay in The Crisis, W.E.B. Du Bois shows how race prejudice, municipal policy, wage bias and mob/legal violence violate Black property rights. |
| 1911 (May) | The Census | W.E.B. Du Bois argues in The Crisis (1911) that Census data debunk white supremacy, showing Black growth and economic progress redefine race and democracy. |
| 1911 (May) | ‘Social Equality’ | W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1911) argues that ‘social equality’ means humanity for Black Americans, exposing Southern hypocrisy and urging education and labor. |
| 1911 (Jun) | Education | W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1911) urges national education reform, exposing how racial inequality and weak schools betray American democracy. |
| 1911 (Jun) | Starvation and Prejudice | 1911 W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis argues Washington’s minimization of Southern race wrongs lets prejudice, lynching and disfranchisement threaten democracy. |
| 1911 (Jun) | The Cost of Education | W.E.B. Du Bois shows how Black taxpayers subsidize white schooling and underfunded colored schools, exposing race and education injustice in The Crisis (1911). |
| 1911 (Jun) | The Sin Against the Holy Ghost | W.E.B. Du Bois, in The Crisis (1911), argues deceit for political gain is the unforgivable sin, corroding Black humanity, race dignity, and democracy. |
| 1912 (Jan) | A Mild Suggestion | W.E.B. Du Bois presents a biting satirical dialogue in The Crisis (Jan 1912) examining ‘solutions’ to the Negro problem, contrasting reform talk with violence. |
| 1912 (Jan) | Organized Labor | W.E.B. Du Bois, in The Crisis (1912), shows organized labor excluding Black workers and white-supremacist union tactics, urging labor to serve humanity. |
| 1912 (Feb) | The Gall of Bitterness | W.E.B. Du Bois argues in The Crisis (Feb. 1912) that bitter truth, not sugarcoated wit, reveals racial antagonism, combats lynching myths, and demands justice. |
| 1912 (Feb) | Light | W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1912) counters the ‘child’ Negro myth, showing Phelps-Stokes-funded education reveals Black humanity beyond stereotype. |
| 1912 (Feb) | Anarchism | W.E.B. Du Bois argues in The Crisis (1912) that extortion by Southern officials manufactures Black crime, exposing white supremacy and harm to the poor. |
| 1912 (Mar) | Divine Right | W. E. B. Du Bois, The Crisis (1912) exposes racist divine-right myths, condemns lynching, and challenges white prerogatives in a provocative crisis-era argument |
| 1912 (Mar) | Mr. Roosevelt | W.E.B. Du Bois, in The Crisis (1912), exposes Theodore Roosevelt’s racism toward Black Americans and argues for equal rights, voting, and democracy. |
| 1912 (Apr) | In God’s Gardens | W.E.B. Du Bois, in The Crisis (1912), argues for North–South unity and an interracial future, urging democracy beyond fear and prejudice. |
| 1912 (Apr) | The Servant in the South | W.E.B. Du Bois, in The Crisis (1912), shows how Southern house service exploits Black labor with low pay and abuse, urging dignity, fair wages, and reform. |
| 1912 (May) | The Last Word in Politics | In The Crisis (1912), W.E.B. Du Bois urges Black voters to weigh race and democracy over party promises, endorsing a risky test of Wilson. |
| 1912 (Jun) | Decency | W.E.B. Du Bois, The Crisis (1912): exposes German legal endorsement of interracial marriage as a critique of white supremacy and Western decency. |
| 1912 (Jun) | Suffering Suffragettes | W.E.B. Du Bois argues in The Crisis (1912) that race shapes suffrage battles, exposing democracy’s flaws and demanding equal rights for women of all colors. |
| 1912 (Jun) | The Black Mother | In The Crisis (1912), W.E.B. Du Bois condemns the ‘mammy’ myth, urging respect for Black motherhood, economic justice, and dignity in domestic labor. |
| 1912 (Jun) | The Election | W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1912) defends Black support for Wilson, warns of Southern racism and disfranchisement, and urges real justice and democracy. |
| 1912 (Jun) | The Truth | In 1912 W.E.B. Du Bois (The Crisis) demands a Renaissance of truth, exposing press silences and misrepresentations of Black life, race, and democracy. |
| 1913 (Jan) | Emancipation | In 1913 W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis condemns post-Emancipation rollback, arguing for a national fight for race, democracy, education and labor rights. |
| 1913 (Jan) | Our Own Consent | In 1913 W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis argues that collective protest against Jim Crow and disfranchisement can force America to face racial injustice. |
| 1913 (Jan) | The Newest South | In 1913 W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis lauds the newest South where interracial leaders openly confront race problems and denounces the old South’s racist press. |
| 1913 (Feb) | Burleson | 1913 W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis condemns Burleson’s push to segregate the federal civil service, links race exclusion to lynching, and urges action. |
| 1913 (Mar) | An Open Letter to Woodrow Wilson | In 1913 W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis urges Woodrow Wilson to defend Black civil rights—voting, education, labor access—and end lynching to save democracy. |
| 1913 (Mar) | The Fruit of the Tree | W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1913) condemns rhetoric of Black subservience as causing disenfranchisement, segregation and lynching, and calls for resistance. |
| 1913 (Apr) | The Hurt Hound | W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1913) condemns racial degradation, arguing racism twists Black dignity so mere decency feels like ecstatic relief. |
| 1913 (Apr) | The “Jim Crow” Argument | In 1913 The Crisis, W.E.B. Du Bois condemns Jim Crow segregation as a racial tyranny that destroys democracy and insists on social equality. |
| 1913 (May) | The Simple Way | W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1913) rejects simple fixes for the Negro problem, arguing self-help rhetoric masks racial exploitation, dispossession, and Jim Crow. |
| 1913 (Jun) | Education | In The Crisis (1913), W.E.B. Du Bois urges Americans to confront the race problem through education and hard knowledge, not cowardly denial. |
| 1913 (Jun) | The Episcopal Church | In 1913 W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis condemns the Episcopal Church’s role in slavery, racial hypocrisy, and refusal to support Black education and rights. |
| 1914 (Jan) | Muddle | W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1914) condemns northern reformers’ cowardice and southern segregation, urging race-aware social reform and democracy. |
| 1914 (Jan) | Logic | In The Crisis 1914, W.E.B. Du Bois condemns arrests of unemployed Black men as racist labor exploitation that criminalizes race and undermines democracy. |
| 1914 (Feb) | The South in the Saddle | W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1914) exposes how Southern disfranchisement inflates Congressional power, forcing national policy and undermining democracy. |
| 1914 (Feb) | Work for Black Folk in 1914 | In 1914 W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis urges a bold program to defend Black property, labor, education, civil rights, and democracy from racial oppression. |
| 1914 (Feb) | Votes for Women | 1914: W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis argues Black support for women’s suffrage strengthens democracy, challenges racial disfranchisement, and advances justice. |
| 1914 (Jun) | Supreme Court | W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1914) calls on the Supreme Court to reject grandfather clauses, Jim Crow and peonage to protect Black rights. |
| 1915 (Jan) | Agility | In 1915 W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis condemns suffragist evasions that defend white supremacy and betray democracy and Black women’s rights. |
| 1915 (Feb) | The President | W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1915) sharply criticizes President Wilson’s insincere, Jim-Crow-promoting stance that betrays race and democracy. |
| 1915 (Mar) | The Grandfather Clause | In The Crisis (1915), W.E.B. Du Bois exposes the Grandfather Clause as a racist tool undermining Black democracy, education, and labor rights. |
| 1915 (Mar) | Preparedness | W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1915) argues that true national preparedness requires ending lynching and securing racial justice under law. |
| 1915 (Apr) | The Immediate Program of the American Negro | W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1915) demands full political, industrial, and social equality, urging law reform, education, labor action, and organization. |
| 1915 (May) | The Fourteenth Amendment | W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1915) urges Congress to enforce the Fourteenth Amendment and reduce Southern representation to protect Black democracy. |
| 1915 (May) | The Republicans | W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1915) exposes how Republican Party rules quietly disfranchised Southern Black delegates, undermining democracy and race justice. |
| 1915 (Jun) | An Open Letter | W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1915) charges Southern race policy with lynching, disenfranchisement, schooling and labor exclusion and demands organized justice. |
| 1915 (Jun) | Booker T. Washington | W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1915) praises Booker T. Washington’s gains in Black education but faults him for aiding disfranchisement and color caste |
| 1916 (Apr) | The Church | W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1916) criticizes the white church’s hypocrisy and urges the Black church to lead democratic social uplift. |
| 1916 (Apr) | Cowardice | In 1916 The Crisis, W.E.B. Du Bois condemns Black passivity before lynching, urges armed self‑defense to confront racial terror and save democracy. |
| 1916 (Apr) | Migration | In 1916 W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis urges Black southerners to migrate North to escape lynching, gain education and labor opportunities. |
| 1916 (May) | Public Schools | In 1916 W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis condemns Southern use of public education to uphold race and class, arguing schools must foster democracy, not servitude. |
| 1916 (May) | Public Schools | In The Crisis 1916, W.E.B. Du Bois charges Southern public schools with shaping Black servants, undermining education, democracy, and racial equality. |
| 1916 (May) | Social Equality | W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1916) condemns white Southern efforts to re-enslave and argues education and interracial contact are vital for race equality. |
| 1916 (May) | Presidential Candidates | In 1916 The Crisis, W.E.B. Du Bois urges Charles Evans Hughes to oppose lynching, disfranchisement and segregation to protect race equality and democracy. |
| 1917 (Jan) | Schools | W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1917) defends Black secondary and higher schools, denouncing philanthropic gatekeeping that threatens Black education. |
| 1917 (Mar) | Civilization in the South | W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1917) condemns Southern culture as entwined with lynching, racist labor hierarchies, and anti-democratic barbarism. |
| 1917 (Mar) | The Tuskegee Resolutions | In 1917’s The Crisis, W.E.B. Du Bois denounces Tuskegee resolutions for urging Black labor to remain South while ignoring lynching and legal injustice. |
| 1917 (Apr) | The Perpetual Dilemma | In 1917 The Crisis, W.E.B. Du Bois urges Black Americans to accept a separate officer training camp to secure military leadership and racial progress. |
| 1917 (Apr) | The South | W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1917) chronicles Southern industrial growth, Black labor and migration, and the racial violence shaping a new, fragile order. |
| 1917 (May) | Loyalty | W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1917) rebukes Southern claims of Black disloyalty, defending Black patriotism, migration, and claims to democracy. |
| 1917 (May) | The Migration | W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1917) argues Black labor’s Great Migration meets Northern demand, exposes Southern racial hypocrisy and threats to Black freedom. |
| 1917 (Jun) | The Migration of Negroes | W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1917) documents Black migration as a labor and rights exodus driven by lynching, disfranchisement, boll weevil and low wages. |
| 1917 (Jun) | We Should Worry | W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1917) warns white leaders: Black military service or mass industrial migration will boost Black labor power and curb lynching |
| 1918 (Jan) | Philanthropy and Self Help | In The Crisis (1918), W.E.B. Du Bois urges Black self-help: as philanthropy wanes, Black communities must fund universities to sustain education and democracy. |
| 1918 (Feb) | Negro Education | W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1918) blasts Jones’ effort to confine Negro education to industrial labor, demanding college access, representation and reform. |
| 1918 (Feb) | The Railroads | In 1918 The Crisis, W.E.B. Du Bois argues federal control of railroads can end Jim Crow, open union jobs to Black workers, and strengthen Black democracy. |
| 1918 (Feb) | Food | In 1918 in The Crisis, W.E.B. Du Bois urges Black Americans to reduce meat and embrace vegetables for wartime thrift, health, and racial uplift. |
| 1918 (Feb) | Tillman | W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1918) argues Tillman’s death signals a turn in Southern labor and race politics toward Black enfranchisement. |
| 1918 (Mar) | Crime | W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1918) condemns white Methodist leaders’ bid to expel 350,000 Black members as a racial crime and church hypocrisy. |
| 1918 (Mar) | The Black Man and the Unions | W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1918) condemns labor unions’ racial exclusion, arguing they betray democracy by denying Black workers fair labor rights. |
| 1918 (May) | Votes for Women | W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1918) urges Black voters to back woman suffrage as a moral and democratic defense against racial disfranchisement. |
| 1919 (Jan) | Jim Crow | In The Crisis (1919) W.E.B. Du Bois analyzes Jim Crow’s paradox: segregation undermines rights yet spurs Black institutions, urging race unity and prudence. |
| 1919 (Mar) | Labor Omnia Vincit | In 1919 The Crisis, W.E.B. Du Bois argues labor must claim its due: racial justice, democratic equality, and Black workers’ rightful wages. |
| 1919 (May) | Letters | In 1919 The Crisis, W.E.B. Du Bois urges southern white women to challenge disfranchisement, Jim Crow, lynching, and racial inequality in education and labor. |
| 1919 (May) | Returning Soldiers | W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1919) returns from war to demand racial justice, condemning lynching, disenfranchisement, and economic theft. |
| 1919 (May) | Heroes | In The Crisis (1919), W.E.B. Du Bois honors Southern Black men and women whose nonviolent endurance demands racial dignity and freedom. |
| 1919 (May) | Social Equality | In The Crisis (1919), W.E.B. Du Bois rebukes white panic over social equality, arguing Black aims are voting, education and civil rights. |
| 1919 (Jun) | The Ballot | In The Crisis (1919), W.E.B. Du Bois demands the ballot for Black WWI veterans, arguing democracy and education must end race-based disenfranchisement. |
| 1919 (Jun) | The Gospel According to Mary Brown | W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1919) retells Mary Brown’s parable to condemn racial violence and lynching, tying religious faith to labor and injustice. |
| 1919 (Jun) | Radicals | In 1919 The Crisis, W.E.B. Du Bois condemns Southern oligarchy’s campaign to silence Black critics, warning it threatens race equality and free speech. |
| 1919 (Jun) | Votes | In 1919 W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis argues Black suffrage is the central racial struggle: Northern voters can restore democracy, end Southern disfranchisement. |
| 1920 (Jan) | Brothers, Come North | W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1920) urges Black migration North for labor, education, and democracy, condemning Southern lynching and Jim Crow. |
| 1920 (Jan) | The Macon Telegraph | In 1920 W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis rebukes the Macon Telegraph, arguing racial injustice—lynching, disfranchisement, unequal education—drives Southern unrest. |
| 1920 (Jan) | “Our” South | W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1920) exposes the white South’s property myth that denies Black labor rights, education, and a democratic voice. |
| 1920 (Jan) | Sex Equality | In 1920 The Crisis, W.E.B. Du Bois denounces AG Palmer for calling interracial marriage “sex equality,” exposes hypocrisy and defends Black rights to marry. |
| 1920 (Feb) | Crime | In 1920 The Crisis, W.E.B. Du Bois argues racial injustice, poverty, and lack of education foster Black crime—and condemns collective punishment. |
| 1920 (Feb) | The House of Jacob | W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1920) denounces Southern racial lawlessness—lynching, disfranchisement, failing schools and child labor that betray democracy. |
| 1920 (Feb) | The Unfortunate South | In 1920 W.E.B. Du Bois, in The Crisis, excoriates the white South’s racial blindness—blaming Black people for social ills and stifling culture. |
| 1920 (Feb) | Clothes | In a 1920 Crisis essay, W.E.B. Du Bois flips racist assumptions, arguing whites’ fears about Black laundry reveal public-health harms and racial hypocrisy. |
| 1920 (Mar) | Murder Will Out | In 1920 in The Crisis, W.E.B. Du Bois exposes how Southern race and class power undermine labor and democracy, exploiting both Black and white workers. |
| 1920 (Apr) | Every Four Years | In The Crisis (1920), W.E.B. Du Bois denounces the Republican Party for buying Southern delegates, betraying Black leaders and enabling disfranchisement. |
| 1920 (Apr) | Of Giving Work | In 1920 The Crisis, W.E.B. Du Bois exposes southern paternalism: Black labor sustains white wealth and demands fair wages and political rights. |
| 1920 (Apr) | Southern Representatives | In 1920 The Crisis, W.E.B. Du Bois urges Republicans to cut Southern representation to punish Jim Crow disenfranchisement and defend Black voting. |
| 1920 (May) | Atlanta | In The Crisis (1920), W.E.B. Du Bois demands voting rights, an end to lynching and Jim Crow, and equal education, labor, and racial democracy. |
| 1920 (May) | Get Ready | W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1920) calls on Black Americans to prepare, defend voting rights, and legally resist Southern efforts to disfranchise Black women. |
| 1920 (Jul) | In Georgia | W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1920) declares the NAACP’s Atlanta meeting an epoch: Black demands for vote, anti-lynching, education, labor and full democracy. |
| 1920 (Oct) | Steal | W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1920) condemns white churches’ hypocrisy as they abandon labor and racial justice, siding with steel interests against unions. |
| 1920 (Oct) | Triumph | In 1920 The Crisis, W.E.B. Du Bois celebrates woman suffrage as a democratic triumph and links opposition to lynching, child labor, and racial injustice. |
| 1920 (Nov) | Reason in School and Business | W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1920) urges reason in race, education, and business—favoring merit over color while defending Black enterprise and fairness. |
| 1920 (Nov) | Suffrage | W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1920) argues southern suffrage laws mask race-based disenfranchisement, subverting democracy to preserve white supremacy. |
| 1921 (Jan) | Mount Hermon | In 1921 The Crisis, W.E.B. Du Bois condemns racial inequality in education, exposing philanthropy’s excuses and stark funding gaps for Black schools. |
| 1921 (Jan) | Votes for Negroes | W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1921) denounces Bourbon South racism and urges Black enfranchisement as the cornerstone of democracy against lynching. |
| 1921 (Jan) | The Negro and Radical Thought | 1921: W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis urges Negro emancipation and labor solidarity at home, warning against uncritical embrace of Russian socialism. |
| 1921 (Feb) | Phonograph Records | In 1921’s The Crisis, W.E.B. Du Bois condemns phonograph firms’ racial exclusion of Black musicians and urges a Black-owned recording industry. |
| 1921 (Feb) | Reduced Representation in Congress | W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1921) urges reducing Southern congressional seats under the 14th Amendment to punish disfranchisement and defend democracy. |
| 1921 (Feb) | Of Problems | W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1921) criticizes racial double standards that deny Black social equality, voting rights and self‑defense. |
| 1921 (Feb) | The Lynching Bill | In The Crisis (1921), W.E.B. Du Bois condemns lynching as wholesale murder, urging federal action to defend law, democracy, and Black lives. |
| 1921 (Feb) | Vicious Provisions of a Great Bill | W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1921) lambasts a federal education bill that would cement racial schooling inequity and encourage lynching and peonage. |
| 1921 (Mar) | Girls | In 1921 for The Crisis, W.E.B. Du Bois celebrates joyful Black girls’ education, critiquing stifling Southern school discipline and affirming hope. |
| 1921 (Mar) | Homicides | In 1921 The Crisis, W.E.B. Du Bois denounces racist propaganda that twists homicide statistics to blame Black people while Black lives are murdered. |
| 1921 (Apr) | Socialism and the Negro | In The Crisis (1921), W.E.B. Du Bois critiques socialism’s promise for Black labor, urging cautious, evolutionary reform amid race and imperialism. |
| 1921 (Jun) | Crime | W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1921) rejects the myth of Negro crime, cites poverty, ignorance, unjust courts, and urges reforms in labor, schools, justice. |
| 1921 (Jun) | The Rising Truth | W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1921) exposes southern racial terror and white hypocrisy and insists education and the ballot are crucial for democracy. |
| 1921 (Dec) | President Harding and Social Equality | W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1921) condemns Harding’s attack on social equality, defends racial equality, education and democracy; warns against segregation. |
| 1922 (May) | The Drive | In a 1922 The Crisis piece, W.E.B. Du Bois urges Black Americans to back the NAACP, fight lynching and Jim Crow at home, and defend democracy. |
| 1922 (May) | Inter-Racial Comity | W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1922) urges interracial committees to act on race, the vote, Jim Crow, peonage and mob-law, warning against complacency. |
| 1923 (Jan) | Political Straws | W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1923) analyzes Black voting strategy—rejecting enemies, backing allies, and demanding racial justice in democracy. |
| 1924 (Jan) | Unity | In The Crisis (1924) W.E.B. Du Bois argues diversity - not enforced unity - is vital to Negro progress and defends the NAACP’s fight for race and democracy. |
| 1924 (Mar) | The N.A.A.C.P. and Parties | In a 1924 essay for The Crisis, W.E.B. Du Bois condemns party patronage, urges Black voters to defend democracy, and promotes nonpartisan debate on race. |
| 1924 (Apr) | Inter-Marriage | In 1924 W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis denounces KKK-backed anti-miscegenation bills, arguing race laws degrade women, marriage, and democracy. |
| 1925 (Mar) | Radicals and the Negro | 1925: W.E.B. Du Bois argues in The Crisis that radicals must include Black emancipation—voting, education, labor and anti-lynching—to defend American democracy. |
| 1926 (Jan) | Murder | W.E.B. Du Bois analyzes rising U.S. murder and lynching in The Crisis (1926), showing how racialized violence undermines democracy and human life. |
| 1926 (May) | Lynching | W.E.B. Du Bois argues in The Crisis (1926) that lynching endures, urges Congress to pass the Dyer Anti-Lynching Bill, and reveals racial injustice. |
| 1927 (Apr) | Farmers | In 1927 The Crisis, W.E.B. Du Bois argues Black farmers face systemic exploitation in agriculture and should heed the Farm Bloc and McNary‑Haugen reforms. |
| 1927 (Nov) | Prejudice | W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1927) argues that racial prejudice, rooted in slavery and segregation, produces reciprocal distrust and harm. |
| 1927 (Nov) | Smith | In 1927 The Crisis, W.E.B. Du Bois argues Governor Smith’s nomination would expose Southern racism and could shatter the Solid South, advancing democracy. |
| 1927 (Nov) | Social Equals | In 1927 The Crisis, W.E.B. Du Bois critiques racial etiquette: a Black doctor’s refused fee reveals persistent Southern prejudice and barriers to social equality. |
| 1928 (Mar) | Robert E. Lee | W.E.B. Du Bois argues in The Crisis (1928) that commemorating Robert E. Lee masks his role in upholding slavery, urging moral honesty about race and democracy. |
| 1928 (Aug) | The Negro Voter | W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1928) argues the disenfranchised Negro vote can shape democracy when educated, mobilized, and strategically organized. |
| 1928 (Sep) | Howard | W.E.B. Du Bois, in The Crisis (1928), exposes bipartisan graft around Perry Howard, condemns black disenfranchisement and threats to democracy. |
| 1928 (Sep) | The Possibility of Democracy | W.E.B. Du Bois, in The Crisis (1928), argues democracy rests on broad citizen participation, condemning racial disfranchisement and illiteracy as threats. |
| 1928 (Oct) | The Possibility of Democracy in America | W.E.B. Du Bois, in The Crisis (1928), argues that American democracy is endangered as Black disfranchisement and white oligarchy reshape voting. |
| 1928 (Nov) | On the Fence | W.E.B. Du Bois, in The Crisis (1928), shows Hoover and Smith align on oligarchy and color caste, urging Black voters to back Congress against the color bar. |
| 1928 (Dec) | The Campaign of 1928 | W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1928) condemns both parties’ betrayal of Black voters and urges a Third Party for racial justice, labor rights and democracy. |
| 1929 (Feb) | Third Party | W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1929) argues Southern disfranchisement rigs democracy, blocking Third Party politics and sustaining racialized plutocracy. |
| 1930 (Jan) | About Wailing | W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1930) defends continued ‘wailing’—documenting racial injustice, disfranchisement, poverty, and exclusion despite surface progress. |
| 1930 (Aug) | Economic Disenfranchisement | In 1930 W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis argues industrial disfranchisement bars Black labor and urges public ownership to secure racial democracy and fair work. |
| 1930 (Aug) | Freedom of Speech | W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1930) condemns silencing of Communists, arguing free speech is essential to democracy and resists racial oppression. |
| 1931 (Apr) | Woofterism | W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1931) condemns Woofter’s study for ignoring race, disenfranchisement, lynching and labor barriers, urging political power. |
| 1931 (Apr) | Causes of Lynching | W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1931) links lynching to ignorance, economic exploitation, political exclusion, religious intolerance, and sexual prejudice. |
| 1932 (Feb) | Lynchings | W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1932) exposes lynching as racial caste violence that thrives on denied education, economic oppression, and lack of human rights. |
| 1932 (Apr) | Courts and Jails | In The Crisis (1932), W.E.B. Du Bois condemns Black churches’ and charities’ neglect of incarcerated Black people and exposes race-based injustice in courts. |
| 1932 (Sep) | Employment | In The Crisis (1932), W.E.B. Du Bois argues segregated schools and narrow college curricula block Black graduates’ employment and hinder race and democracy. |
| 1932 (Sep) | Young Voters | W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1932) urges young Black Southerners to register, organize, and vote to combat racial disenfranchisement and local discrimination. |
| 1932 (Nov) | Herbert Hoover | W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1932) indicts Herbert Hoover for ‘Lily-White’ politics, race-based appointments, and policies that crush Black labor and democracy |
| 1933 (Jan) | Toward a New Racial Philosophy | W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1933) urges a new racial philosophy: a 12-part reexamination of race, education, labor, health, law and democracy. |
| 1933 (Mar) | Color Caste in the United States | In The Crisis (1933) W.E.B. Du Bois exposes the U.S. color caste that denies Black rights in marriage, labor, education and democracy. |
| 1933 (May) | Scottsboro | In 1933 The Crisis, W.E.B. Du Bois condemns Scottsboro as proof that racial disfranchisement destroys justice and demands Black political voice. |
| 1933 (Dec) | A Matter of Manners | W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1933) criticizes how Southern racial insults erode Black manners and urges reclaiming courtesy as dignity and self-respect. |
| 1933 (Dec) | Too Rich to be a Nigger | In 1933 W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis documents how white backlash to Black education and prosperity culminated in lynching, exposing racial terror. |
| 1934 (Jan) | Scottsboro | W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1934) condemns Scottsboro trials as racial injustice — Southern courts using law to punish Black lives for profit and prejudice. |
| 1934 (Jan) | Segregation | W.E.B. Du Bois in The Crisis (1934) argues voluntary Black self-organization counters racial discrimination and advances economic, educational and labor justice. |
| 1934 (Mar) | Subsistence Homestead Colonies | W.E.B. Du Bois argues in The Crisis (1934) that subsistence homestead colonies can empower Black workers, countering racial labor inequality. |
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