Southern United States
Articles about Southern United States from The Crisis (1910-1934)
Southern United States (162 articles)
Articles from The Crisis that focus on Southern United States.
Use the search box below to find specific articles.
| Date | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|
| 1911 (Jan) | Except Servants | Critiques racial prejudice that welcomes ‘servants’ but excludes Black people, exposing caste and labor bias. |
| 1911 (Feb) | Education | Exposes systemic racial injustice in education, citing stark attendance, funding, and term-length disparities. |
| 1911 (Feb) | Separation | Argues race-based separation betrays democracy, forcing Black subordination in education, law, and public life. |
| 1911 (Feb) | Southern Papers | Scolds white Southern papers for mocking race issues and defending peonage, exposing labor exploitation and hypocrisy. |
| 1911 (Mar) | Politeness | Argues that racial codes of politeness impose costs, urging Black dignity and condemning white hypocrisy. |
| 1911 (Apr) | The Truth | Urges telling the full truth about race and Southern injustice, warning that silence fuels oppression. |
| 1911 (Apr) | Forward Backward | Critiques how the ‘Negro question’ stalls democracy and reform—exposing suffrage and moral hypocrisy. |
| 1911 (Apr) | Mr. Taft | Condemns Taft’’s race policies, rejecting Southern guardianship over Black education, voting rights and justice. |
| 1911 (May) | Violations of Property Rights | Shows how race prejudice, municipal policy, wage bias and mob/legal violence violate Black property rights. |
| 1911 (May) | The Census | Argues in The Crisis (1911) that Census data debunk white supremacy, showing Black growth and economic progress redefine race and democracy. |
| 1911 (May) | ‘Social Equality’ | Argues that ‘social equality’ means humanity for Black Americans, exposing Southern hypocrisy and urging education and labor. |
| 1911 (Jun) | Education | Urges national education reform, exposing how racial inequality and weak schools betray American democracy. |
| 1911 (Jun) | Starvation and Prejudice | Argues Washington’s minimization of Southern race wrongs lets prejudice, lynching and disfranchisement threaten democracy. |
| 1911 (Jun) | The Cost of Education | Shows how Black taxpayers subsidize white schooling and underfunded colored schools, exposing race and education injustice in The Crisis (1911). |
| 1911 (Jun) | The Sin Against the Holy Ghost | Argues deceit for political gain is the unforgivable sin, corroding Black humanity, race dignity, and democracy. |
| 1912 (Jan) | A Mild Suggestion | Presents a biting satirical dialogue in The Crisis (Jan 1912) examining ‘solutions’ to the Negro problem, contrasting reform talk with violence. |
| 1912 (Jan) | Organized Labor | Shows organized labor excluding Black workers and white-supremacist union tactics, urging labor to serve humanity. |
| 1912 (Feb) | The Gall of Bitterness | Argues in The Crisis (Feb. 1912) that bitter truth, not sugarcoated wit, reveals racial antagonism, combats lynching myths, and demands justice. |
| 1912 (Feb) | Light | Counters the ‘child’ Negro myth, showing Phelps-Stokes-funded education reveals Black humanity beyond stereotype. |
| 1912 (Feb) | Anarchism | Argues in The Crisis (1912) that extortion by Southern officials manufactures Black crime, exposing white supremacy and harm to the poor. |
| 1912 (Mar) | Divine Right | Exposes racist divine-right myths, condemns lynching, and challenges white prerogatives in a provocative crisis-era argument |
| 1912 (Mar) | Mr. Roosevelt | Exposes Theodore Roosevelt’s racism toward Black Americans and argues for equal rights, voting, and democracy. |
| 1912 (Apr) | In God’s Gardens | Argues for North–South unity and an interracial future, urging democracy beyond fear and prejudice. |
| 1912 (Apr) | The Servant in the South | Shows how Southern house service exploits Black labor with low pay and abuse, urging dignity, fair wages, and reform. |
| 1912 (May) | The Last Word in Politics | Urges Black voters to weigh race and democracy over party promises, endorsing a risky test of Wilson. |
| 1912 (Jun) | Decency | Exposes German legal endorsement of interracial marriage as a critique of white supremacy and Western decency. |
| 1912 (Jun) | Suffering Suffragettes | Argues in The Crisis (1912) that race shapes suffrage battles, exposing democracy’s flaws and demanding equal rights for women of all colors. |
| 1912 (Jun) | The Black Mother | Condemns the ‘mammy’ myth, urging respect for Black motherhood, economic justice, and dignity in domestic labor. |
| 1912 (Jun) | The Election | Defends Black support for Wilson, warns of Southern racism and disfranchisement, and urges real justice and democracy. |
| 1912 (Jun) | The Truth | (The Crisis) demands a Renaissance of truth, exposing press silences and misrepresentations of Black life, race, and democracy. |
| 1913 (Jan) | Emancipation | Condemns post-Emancipation rollback, arguing for a national fight for race, democracy, education and labor rights. |
| 1913 (Jan) | Our Own Consent | Argues that collective protest against Jim Crow and disfranchisement can force America to face racial injustice. |
| 1913 (Jan) | The Newest South | Lauds the newest South where interracial leaders openly confront race problems and denounces the old South’s racist press. |
| 1913 (Feb) | Burleson | Condemns Burleson’s push to segregate the federal civil service, links race exclusion to lynching, and urges action. |
| 1913 (Mar) | An Open Letter to Woodrow Wilson | Urges Woodrow Wilson to defend Black civil rights—voting, education, labor access—and end lynching to save democracy. |
| 1913 (Mar) | The Fruit of the Tree | Condemns rhetoric of Black subservience as causing disenfranchisement, segregation and lynching, and calls for resistance. |
| 1913 (Apr) | The Hurt Hound | Condemns racial degradation, arguing racism twists Black dignity so mere decency feels like ecstatic relief. |
| 1913 (Apr) | The “Jim Crow” Argument | Condemns Jim Crow segregation as a racial tyranny that destroys democracy and insists on social equality. |
| 1913 (May) | The Simple Way | Rejects simple fixes for the Negro problem, arguing self-help rhetoric masks racial exploitation, dispossession, and Jim Crow. |
| 1913 (Jun) | Education | Urges Americans to confront the race problem through education and hard knowledge, not cowardly denial. |
| 1913 (Jun) | The Episcopal Church | Condemns the Episcopal Church’s role in slavery, racial hypocrisy, and refusal to support Black education and rights. |
| 1914 (Jan) | Muddle | Condemns northern reformers’ cowardice and southern segregation, urging race-aware social reform and democracy. |
| 1914 (Jan) | Logic | Condemns arrests of unemployed Black men as racist labor exploitation that criminalizes race and undermines democracy. |
| 1914 (Feb) | The South in the Saddle | Exposes how Southern disfranchisement inflates Congressional power, forcing national policy and undermining democracy. |
| 1914 (Feb) | Work for Black Folk in 1914 | Urges a bold program to defend Black property, labor, education, civil rights, and democracy from racial oppression. |
| 1914 (Feb) | Votes for Women | Argues Black support for women’’s suffrage strengthens democracy, challenges racial disfranchisement, and advances justice. |
| 1914 (Jun) | Supreme Court | Calls on the Supreme Court to reject grandfather clauses, Jim Crow and peonage to protect Black rights. |
| 1915 (Jan) | Agility | Condemns suffragist evasions that defend white supremacy and betray democracy and Black women’s rights. |
| 1915 (Feb) | The President | Sharply criticizes President Wilson’s insincere, Jim-Crow-promoting stance that betrays race and democracy. |
| 1915 (Mar) | The Grandfather Clause | Exposes the Grandfather Clause as a racist tool undermining Black democracy, education, and labor rights. |
| 1915 (Mar) | Preparedness | Argues that true national preparedness requires ending lynching and securing racial justice under law. |
| 1915 (Apr) | The Immediate Program of the American Negro | Demands full political, industrial, and social equality, urging law reform, education, labor action, and organization. |
| 1915 (May) | The Fourteenth Amendment | Urges Congress to enforce the Fourteenth Amendment and reduce Southern representation to protect Black democracy. |
| 1915 (May) | The Republicans | Exposes how Republican Party rules quietly disfranchised Southern Black delegates, undermining democracy and race justice. |
| 1915 (Jun) | An Open Letter | Storey, Moorfield in The Crisis (1915) argues for justice, denouncing Southern disfranchisement and school neglect of Black Americans. |
| 1915 (Jun) | Booker T. Washington | Praises Booker T. Washington’s gains in Black education but faults him for aiding disfranchisement and color caste |
| 1916 (Apr) | The Church | Criticizes the white church’s hypocrisy and urges the Black church to lead democratic social uplift. |
| 1916 (Apr) | Cowardice | Condemns Black passivity before lynching, urges armed self‑defense to confront racial terror and save democracy. |
| 1916 (Apr) | Migration | Urges Black southerners to migrate North to escape lynching, gain education and labor opportunities. |
| 1916 (May) | Public Schools | Condemns Southern use of public education to uphold race and class, arguing schools must foster democracy, not servitude. |
| 1916 (May) | Public Schools | Charges Southern public schools with shaping Black servants, undermining education, democracy, and racial equality. |
| 1916 (May) | Social Equality | Condemns white Southern efforts to re-enslave and argues education and interracial contact are vital for race equality. |
| 1916 (May) | Presidential Candidates | NAACP in The Crisis (1916) argues candidates must state positions on lynching, disfranchisement and segregation to guide Black voters. |
| 1917 (Jan) | Schools | Defends Black secondary and higher schools, denouncing philanthropic gatekeeping that threatens Black education. |
| 1917 (Mar) | Civilization in the South | Condemns Southern culture as entwined with lynching, racist labor hierarchies, and anti-democratic barbarism. |
| 1917 (Mar) | The Tuskegee Resolutions | Denounces Tuskegee resolutions for urging Black labor to remain South while ignoring lynching and legal injustice. |
| 1917 (Apr) | The Perpetual Dilemma | Urges Black Americans to accept a separate officer training camp to secure military leadership and racial progress. |
| 1917 (Apr) | The South | Chronicles Southern industrial growth, Black labor and migration, and the racial violence shaping a new, fragile order. |
| 1917 (May) | Loyalty | Rebukes Southern claims of Black disloyalty, defending Black patriotism, migration, and claims to democracy. |
| 1917 (May) | The Migration | Argues Black labor’s Great Migration meets Northern demand, exposes Southern racial hypocrisy and threats to Black freedom. |
| 1917 (Jun) | The Migration of Negroes | Documents Black migration as a labor and rights exodus driven by lynching, disfranchisement, boll weevil and low wages. |
| 1917 (Jun) | We Should Worry | Warns white leaders: Black military service or mass industrial migration will boost Black labor power and curb lynching |
| 1918 (Jan) | Philanthropy and Self Help | Urges Black self-help: as philanthropy wanes, Black communities must fund universities to sustain education and democracy. |
| 1918 (Feb) | Negro Education | Blasts Jones’ effort to confine Negro education to industrial labor, demanding college access, representation and reform. |
| 1918 (Feb) | The Railroads | Argues federal control of railroads can end Jim Crow, open union jobs to Black workers, and strengthen Black democracy. |
| 1918 (Feb) | Food | Urges Black Americans to reduce meat and embrace vegetables for wartime thrift, health, and racial uplift. |
| 1918 (Feb) | Tillman | Argues Tillman’s death signals a turn in Southern labor and race politics toward Black enfranchisement. |
| 1918 (Mar) | Crime | Condemns white Methodist leaders’ bid to expel 350,000 Black members as a racial crime and church hypocrisy. |
| 1918 (Mar) | The Black Man and the Unions | Condemns labor unions’ racial exclusion, arguing they betray democracy by denying Black workers fair labor rights. |
| 1918 (May) | Votes for Women | Urges Black voters to back woman suffrage as a moral and democratic defense against racial disfranchisement. |
| 1919 (Jan) | Jim Crow | Analyzes Jim Crow’’s paradox: segregation undermines rights yet spurs Black institutions, urging race unity and prudence. |
| 1919 (Mar) | Labor Omnia Vincit | Argues labor must claim its due: racial justice, democratic equality, and Black workers’ rightful wages. |
| 1919 (May) | Letters | Urges southern white women to challenge disfranchisement, Jim Crow, lynching, and racial inequality in education and labor. |
| 1919 (May) | Returning Soldiers | Returns from war to demand racial justice, condemning lynching, disenfranchisement, and economic theft. |
| 1919 (May) | Heroes | Honors Southern Black men and women whose nonviolent endurance demands racial dignity and freedom. |
| 1919 (May) | Social Equality | Rebukes white panic over social equality, arguing Black aims are voting, education and civil rights. |
| 1919 (Jun) | The Ballot | Demands the ballot for Black WWI veterans, arguing democracy and education must end race-based disenfranchisement. |
| 1919 (Jun) | The Gospel According to Mary Brown | Retells Mary Brown’s parable to condemn racial violence and lynching, tying religious faith to labor and injustice. |
| 1919 (Jun) | Radicals | Condemns Southern oligarchy’s campaign to silence Black critics, warning it threatens race equality and free speech. |
| 1919 (Jun) | Votes | Argues Black suffrage is the central racial struggle: Northern voters can restore democracy, end Southern disfranchisement. |
| 1920 (Jan) | Brothers, Come North | Urges Black migration North for labor, education, and democracy, condemning Southern lynching and Jim Crow. |
| 1920 (Jan) | The Macon Telegraph | Rebukes the Macon Telegraph, arguing racial injustice—lynching, disfranchisement, unequal education—drives Southern unrest. |
| 1920 (Jan) | “Our” South | Exposes the white South’s property myth that denies Black labor rights, education, and a democratic voice. |
| 1920 (Jan) | Sex Equality | Denounces AG Palmer for calling interracial marriage "sex equality," exposes hypocrisy and defends Black rights to marry. |
| 1920 (Feb) | Crime | Argues racial injustice, poverty, and lack of education foster Black crime—and condemns collective punishment. |
| 1920 (Feb) | The House of Jacob | Denounces Southern racial lawlessness—lynching, disfranchisement, failing schools and child labor that betray democracy. |
| 1920 (Feb) | The Unfortunate South | Excoriates the white South’s racial blindness—blaming Black people for social ills and stifling culture. |
| 1920 (Feb) | Clothes | Flips racist assumptions, arguing whites’ fears about Black laundry reveal public-health harms and racial hypocrisy. |
| 1920 (Mar) | Murder Will Out | Exposes how Southern race and class power undermine labor and democracy, exploiting both Black and white workers. |
| 1920 (Apr) | Every Four Years | Denounces the Republican Party for buying Southern delegates, betraying Black leaders and enabling disfranchisement. |
| 1920 (Apr) | Of Giving Work | Exposes southern paternalism: Black labor sustains white wealth and demands fair wages and political rights. |
| 1920 (Apr) | Southern Representatives | Urges Republicans to cut Southern representation to punish Jim Crow disenfranchisement and defend Black voting. |
| 1920 (May) | Atlanta | Demands voting rights, an end to lynching and Jim Crow, and equal education, labor, and racial democracy. |
| 1920 (May) | Get Ready | Calls on Black Americans to prepare, defend voting rights, and legally resist Southern efforts to disfranchise Black women. |
| 1920 (Jul) | In Georgia | Declares the NAACP’’s Atlanta meeting an epoch: Black demands for vote, anti-lynching, education, labor and full democracy. |
| 1920 (Oct) | Steal | Condemns white churches’ hypocrisy as they abandon labor and racial justice, siding with steel interests against unions. |
| 1920 (Oct) | Triumph | Celebrates woman suffrage as a democratic triumph and links opposition to lynching, child labor, and racial injustice. |
| 1920 (Nov) | Reason in School and Business | Urges reason in race, education, and business—favoring merit over color while defending Black enterprise and fairness. |
| 1920 (Nov) | Suffrage | Argues southern suffrage laws mask race-based disenfranchisement, subverting democracy to preserve white supremacy. |
| 1921 (Jan) | Mount Hermon | Condemns racial inequality in education, exposing philanthropy’s excuses and stark funding gaps for Black schools. |
| 1921 (Jan) | Votes for Negroes | Denounces Bourbon South racism and urges Black enfranchisement as the cornerstone of democracy against lynching. |
| 1921 (Jan) | The Negro and Radical Thought | Urges Negro emancipation and labor solidarity at home, warning against uncritical embrace of Russian socialism. |
| 1921 (Feb) | Phonograph Records | Condemns phonograph firms’ racial exclusion of Black musicians and urges a Black-owned recording industry. |
| 1921 (Feb) | Reduced Representation in Congress | Urges reducing Southern congressional seats under the 14th Amendment to punish disfranchisement and defend democracy. |
| 1921 (Feb) | Of Problems | Criticizes racial double standards that deny Black social equality, voting rights and self‑defense. |
| 1921 (Feb) | The Lynching Bill | Condemns lynching as wholesale murder, urging federal action to defend law, democracy, and Black lives. |
| 1921 (Feb) | Vicious Provisions of a Great Bill | Lambasts a federal education bill that would cement racial schooling inequity and encourage lynching and peonage. |
| 1921 (Mar) | Girls | Celebrates joyful Black girls’ education, critiquing stifling Southern school discipline and affirming hope. |
| 1921 (Mar) | Homicides | Denounces racist propaganda that twists homicide statistics to blame Black people while Black lives are murdered. |
| 1921 (Apr) | Socialism and the Negro | Critiques socialism’s promise for Black labor, urging cautious, evolutionary reform amid race and imperialism. |
| 1921 (Jun) | Crime | Rejects the myth of Negro crime, cites poverty, ignorance, unjust courts, and urges reforms in labor, schools, justice. |
| 1921 (Jun) | The Rising Truth | Exposes southern racial terror and white hypocrisy and insists education and the ballot are crucial for democracy. |
| 1921 (Dec) | President Harding and Social Equality | Condemns Harding’s attack on social equality, defends racial equality, education and democracy; warns against segregation. |
| 1922 (May) | The Drive | Urges Black Americans to back the NAACP, fight lynching and Jim Crow at home, and defend democracy. |
| 1922 (May) | Inter-Racial Comity | Urges interracial committees to act on race, the vote, Jim Crow, peonage and mob-law, warning against complacency. |
| 1923 (Jan) | Political Straws | Analyzes Black voting strategy—rejecting enemies, backing allies, and demanding racial justice in democracy. |
| 1924 (Jan) | Unity | Argues diversity - not enforced unity - is vital to Negro progress and defends the NAACP’s fight for race and democracy. |
| 1924 (Mar) | The N.A.A.C.P. and Parties | Condemns party patronage, urges Black voters to defend democracy, and promotes nonpartisan debate on race. |
| 1924 (Apr) | Inter-Marriage | Denounces KKK-backed anti-miscegenation bills, arguing race laws degrade women, marriage, and democracy. |
| 1925 (Mar) | Radicals and the Negro | Argues in The Crisis that radicals must include Black emancipation—voting, education, labor and anti-lynching—to defend American democracy. |
| 1926 (Jan) | Murder | Analyzes rising U.S. murder and lynching in The Crisis (1926), showing how racialized violence undermines democracy and human life. |
| 1926 (May) | Lynching | Argues in The Crisis (1926) that lynching endures, urges Congress to pass the Dyer Anti-Lynching Bill, and reveals racial injustice. |
| 1927 (Apr) | Farmers | Argues Black farmers face systemic exploitation in agriculture and should heed the Farm Bloc and McNary‑Haugen reforms. |
| 1927 (Nov) | Prejudice | Argues that racial prejudice, rooted in slavery and segregation, produces reciprocal distrust and harm. |
| 1927 (Nov) | Smith | Argues Governor Smith’s nomination would expose Southern racism and could shatter the Solid South, advancing democracy. |
| 1927 (Nov) | Social Equals | Critiques racial etiquette: a Black doctor’s refused fee reveals persistent Southern prejudice and barriers to social equality. |
| 1928 (Mar) | Robert E. Lee | Argues in The Crisis (1928) that commemorating Robert E. Lee masks his role in upholding slavery, urging moral honesty about race and democracy. |
| 1928 (Aug) | The Negro Voter | Argues the disenfranchised Negro vote can shape democracy when educated, mobilized, and strategically organized. |
| 1928 (Sep) | Howard | Exposes bipartisan graft around Perry Howard, condemns black disenfranchisement and threats to democracy. |
| 1928 (Sep) | The Possibility of Democracy | Argues democracy rests on broad citizen participation, condemning racial disfranchisement and illiteracy as threats. |
| 1928 (Oct) | The Possibility of Democracy in America | Argues that American democracy is endangered as Black disfranchisement and white oligarchy reshape voting. |
| 1928 (Nov) | On the Fence | Shows Hoover and Smith align on oligarchy and color caste, urging Black voters to back Congress against the color bar. |
| 1928 (Dec) | The Campaign of 1928 | Condemns both parties’ betrayal of Black voters and urges a Third Party for racial justice, labor rights and democracy. |
| 1929 (Feb) | Third Party | Argues Southern disfranchisement rigs democracy, blocking Third Party politics and sustaining racialized plutocracy. |
| 1930 (Jan) | About Wailing | Defends continued ‘wailing’—documenting racial injustice, disfranchisement, poverty, and exclusion despite surface progress. |
| 1930 (Aug) | Economic Disenfranchisement | Argues industrial disfranchisement bars Black labor and urges public ownership to secure racial democracy and fair work. |
| 1930 (Aug) | Freedom of Speech | Condemns silencing of Communists, arguing free speech is essential to democracy and resists racial oppression. |
| 1931 (Apr) | Woofterism | Condemns Woofter’s study for ignoring race, disenfranchisement, lynching and labor barriers, urging political power. |
| 1931 (Apr) | Causes of Lynching | Links lynching to ignorance, economic exploitation, political exclusion, religious intolerance, and sexual prejudice. |
| 1932 (Feb) | Lynchings | Exposes lynching as racial caste violence that thrives on denied education, economic oppression, and lack of human rights. |
| 1932 (Apr) | Courts and Jails | Condemns Black churches’ and charities’ neglect of incarcerated Black people and exposes race-based injustice in courts. |
| 1932 (Sep) | Employment | Argues segregated schools and narrow college curricula block Black graduates’ employment and hinder race and democracy. |
| 1932 (Sep) | Young Voters | Urges young Black Southerners to register, organize, and vote to combat racial disenfranchisement and local discrimination. |
| 1932 (Nov) | Herbert Hoover | Indicts Herbert Hoover for ‘Lily-White’ politics, race-based appointments, and policies that crush Black labor and democracy |
| 1933 (Jan) | Toward a New Racial Philosophy | Urges a new racial philosophy: a 12-part reexamination of race, education, labor, health, law and democracy. |
| 1933 (Mar) | Color Caste in the United States | Exposes the U.S. color caste that denies Black rights in marriage, labor, education and democracy. |
| 1933 (May) | Scottsboro | Condemns Scottsboro as proof that racial disfranchisement destroys justice and demands Black political voice. |
| 1933 (Dec) | A Matter of Manners | Criticizes how Southern racial insults erode Black manners and urges reclaiming courtesy as dignity and self-respect. |
| 1933 (Dec) | Too Rich to be a Nigger | Documents how white backlash to Black education and prosperity culminated in lynching, exposing racial terror. |
| 1934 (Jan) | Scottsboro | Condemns Scottsboro trials as racial injustice — Southern courts using law to punish Black lives for profit and prejudice. |
| 1934 (Jan) | Segregation | Argues voluntary Black self-organization counters racial discrimination and advances economic, educational and labor justice. |
| 1934 (Mar) | Subsistence Homestead Colonies | Argues in The Crisis (1934) that subsistence homestead colonies can empower Black workers, countering racial labor inequality. |
No matching items